Medicine
Hippocrates
Father of medicine, Ancient Greek, He promoted careful observation, ethical practice, and the idea that diseases have natural—not supernatural—causes.
A period of rapid industrial growth (late 18th–19th centuries) that transformed societies. It led to urbanization, new health challenges, and major improvements in public health and medical technology.
Industrial Revolution
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Public health
The systems, policies, and actions taken by governments and communities to prevent disease and promote the health and wellbeing of populations (e.g., sanitation, clean water, vaccination programs).
A civilization that significantly influenced medical thought. medicine emphasized natural causes of illness, and thinkers like Hippocrates promoted systematic observation and ethics.
Ancient greeks
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Epidemic
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease that affects many individuals in a specific region or population at the same time.
A period from roughly 500 to 1500 CE, where European medical knowledge was limited and often based on religion and tradition. However, some hospitals and medical schools began to emerge.
the Middle Ages in Europe
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Black death
A devastating epidemic of bubonic plague that swept through Europe, killing millions and reshaping European society and medicine.
A period of cultural and intellectual revival (c. 1300–1600 CE) in Europe. Renaissance medicine saw renewed interest in human anatomy, observation, and classical texts, challenging older beliefs.
Renaissance
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Penicillin
The first true antibiotic, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. It marked a turning point in medicine by enabling doctors to treat bacterial infections effectively.
An 18th-century intellectual movement that emphasized reason, science, and progress. It encouraged more scientific approaches to medicine and led to greater emphasis on experimentation and evidence.
Enlightenment
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