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What religion was adopted in Kievan Rus' in 988 and spread during the 11th century?
Eastern Orthodox Christianity was adopted in 988 as the official religion of Kievan Rus'.
Which city began to rise in importance as Kyiv’s power started to decline?
Novgorod began to rise in importance as Kyiv’s influence waned, becoming a major political and economic center.
What major invasion significantly affected Kievan Rus' in the 13th century?
The Mongol invasion significantly affected Kievan Rus', beginning in the 1230s and culminating in the sacking of major cities, including Kyiv, in 1240.
What is the name of the first legal code of Kievan Rus', introduced in the 11th century?
The first legal code was called the Russkaya Pravda (Russian Truth).
What was the main cause of the fragmentation of Kievan Rus' in the 12th century?
The fragmentation was caused by the decentralization, which led to internal divisions among princely families and competition for control over territories.
Who was the leader of the Mongols during their invasion of Kievan Rus'?
The leader of the Mongols during their invasion of Kievan Rus' was Batu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan.
Which famous cathedral was built in Kyiv in 1037 by Prince Yaroslav the Wise?
The Saint Sophia Cathedral was built in Kyiv in 1037 by Prince Yaroslav the Wise.
Who wrote The Tale of Igor's Campaign, a famous work of Old East Slavic literature?
The author of The Tale of Igor's Campaign is unknown, as the work is anonymous.
Which principality played a key role in resisting the Mongols in the north?
The Principality of Novgorod played a key role in resisting the Mongols in the north, largely due to its distance from the main Mongol invasions and its strategic leadership under Alexander Nevsky.
Which external group frequently raided Kievan Rus' during the 11th century?
The Pechenegs, a nomadic Turkic people, frequently raided Kievan Rus' during the 11th century, posing a significant military threat until their defeat by Yaroslav the Wise in 1036.
Which principality became a major center of trade and culture during the 12th century?
The Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal became a major center of trade and culture during this period.
Who led the Russian forces in the Battle on the Ice in 1242?
Alexander Nevsky led the Russian forces in the Battle on the Ice against the Livonian Order on Lake Peipus in 1242.
What relationship did Kievan Rus' have with the Byzantine Empire?
Kievan Rus' had a strong political, cultural, and religious relationship with the Byzantine Empire. This included the adoption of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in 988, trade partnerships, and occasional military alliances or conflicts.
Evaluate the role of local assemblies (veche) in maintaining some level of unity in Novgorod.
The veche, or local assembly, played a crucial role in maintaining some level of unity in Novgorod during its rise as a powerful semi-independent republic in the 12th century. The veche functioned as a form of early democratic governance, where key decisions regarding political, military, and economic matters were made collectively by representatives of the local population.
How did the Mongols maintain control over the fragmented Rus' principalities?
The Mongols maintained control through making Russian people pay taxes and provide military support.