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What was the purpose of Peter the Great’s creation of the Russian navy, and how did it influence Russia’s position in European politics?
The navy was created to strengthen Russia’s military power and secure access to maritime trade routes. It helped Russia become a major European power, especially after victories in the Great Northern War.
What was the main goal of the Decembrist Revolt of 1825, and what were the consequences for the participants?
The Decembrists aimed to establish a constitutional monarchy or abolish serfdom. The revolt failed, and many of the leaders were executed or exiled
What was the main purpose of the Table of Ranks introduced by Peter the Great in 1722?
To create a merit-based system for state service, where individuals could rise in rank based on their service rather than birth
What were the main economic reforms introduced by Tsar Alexander II, and how did they impact Russian agriculture?
Alexander II implemented reforms such as the abolition of serfdom, which allowed peasants to own land. However, the land granted to them was often insufficient and encumbered by redemption payments, limiting the reform's success
The Treaty of Nystad (1721) ended which war, and what territories did Russia gain as a result?
The Treaty of Nystad ended the Great Northern War. Russia gained territories including Livonia, Estonia, and parts of Finland
How did the Industrial Revolution affect Russia in the 19th century, and what were the key industries that developed?
The Industrial Revolution led to the expansion of railways, mining, and textile industries. This helped Russia’s economy grow but also created social problems, such as urbanization and the exploitation of workers
What was the significance of the Battle of Poltava (1709) during the Great Northern War?
The Battle of Poltava was a decisive victory for Russia over Sweden, solidifying Russia’s status as a major European power.
How did Tsar Nicholas I’s policy of "Official Nationality" affect Russian society during his reign?
Nicholas I promoted the idea of autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationalism, which led to the suppression of liberal and reformist ideas, reinforcing the power of the monarchy and the Russian Orthodox Church.
What was the purpose of Catherine the Great’s Nakaz (Instruction) of 1767, and why was it ultimately unsuccessful?
The Nakaz was intended to provide guidelines for a new legal code based on Enlightenment principles, but it failed due to resistance from the nobility and lack of support for significant reforms
What were the main causes and outcomes of the Crimean War (1853–1856), and how did it impact Russia’s international standing?
The war was caused by territorial disputes and the decline of the Ottoman Empire. Russia’s defeat weakened its influence in Europe, exposed the need for reform, and led to a reorganization of the Russian military and economy.