Politics & People
Name the early tribal group knowns for metalworking that inhabited the Iberian Peninsula
Iberians
What do we call the period of Muslim rule in much of Spain from 711-1492
Al-Andalus
What is the traditional afternoon nap taken by many Spaniards after a main meal
La siesta
Who coined the name "Hispania" and what was this land called prior to this name change
The Romans named the Iberian Peninsula Hispana
Which battle was named as an early Reconquista victory
Battle of Covadonga
Which royal couple united the two largest Christian kingdoms and laid the foundation for a unified Spain
Ferdinand & Isabella
What name did the Romans give to the Iberian Peninsula
Hispana
Name the traditional language of the Basque people
Euskera
What cities in Spain comprised the area known as Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus covered much of central and southern Iberia - including Cordoba, Seville & Granada
What was the primary aim of the Spanish Inquisition
To convert Muslims to Jews to Catholicism - enforcing religious orthodoxy
Identify the Germanic tribes that occupied Spain toward the end of Roman rule
Visigoths
What term describes the Christian campaigns to reclaim the peninsula from Muslim control
Reconquista
Name the official religion established that led to the expulsion of the Jews
Catholicism
Name one lasting linguistic or cultural legacy in Spain that came from Al-Andalus
Many Spanish words have Arabic roots (azucar, algebra, alcazar, alfombra). Also, still surviving today are advances that include irrigation/agricultural techniques and architectural motifs
Who became the first King of Spain after Franco's death
Juan Carlos I
Which ruling dynasty reached peak imperial power during the reigns of Charles V and Phillip II
Habsburg
In what year did the Spanish Civil War begin
1936
Describe one cultural contribution from the Muslim period in Spain that influenced architecture or learning
Advances in mathematics, astronomy & medicine; horseshoe arches (architectural); Great Mosque of Cordoba; Alhambra
Explain how regional languages like Euskera (Basque) challenge the idea of a single national language
They have deep historical roots & legal recognition in their regions; they foster strong regional identity and require bilingual policies in education and government, complicating a single language national model
What was the cause of the Spanish Civil War
Political polarization between leftist Republicans and rightest Nationalists, combined with economic problems and social unrest prompted a military uprising led by Franco escalating into civil war
Who were the Spanish explorers who expanded Spain's territories in the Americas
Los conquistadores:
Christopher Columbus & Hernan Cortes
What major events occurred in 1492 that ended Muslim rule in Granada & affected the Jewish people
Fall of Granada (end of Muslim rule)
Alhambra Decree (expulsion of Jews (1492)
Conquistadores introduced European language, religion, and institutions. They took American crops and silver/gold to Spain. The Columbian exchange reshaped diets, economies and demographics
Explain the significance of the of the Kingdom of Granada at the end of the Reconquista
The Kingdom of Granada (southern Iberia) was the last Muslim stronghold, falling in 1492. Its fall marked the end of the Reconquista & led to the consolidation of Christian rule
Discuss the impact of the transition from Franco's dictatorship to the monarchy under Juan Carlos I
Juan Carlos facilitated the transition to a constitutional monarchy, backed the 1978 Constitution, legalized political parties, enabled democratic elections. This transition consolidated democratic institutions, restored civil liberties and allowed Spain to join broader European democratic frameworks