Chapter 64 | A
Greek playwright who witnessed and wrote about the Persian Wars.
Who was Aeschylus?
King of Sparta, marched toward Athens in 508 to overthrow the tyrannous Hippias.
Who was Cleomenes?
Ionian engineer who worked for Darius, built a bridge made of low, flat-decked ships, roped together to form a floating foundation for a plank road covered with dirt and stones, across the Bosphorus Strait. This was the first pontoon bridge in history!
Who was Mandrocles?
Nephew of Leonidas, both a general and the regent for Leonidas's young son, king of Sparta. Led the victorious assault on the Persians at Plataea.
Who was Pausanias?
Ninth Argead king of Macedonia.
Who was Amyntas I?
Name of the huge underclass of Spartans who were viewed by the native Spartans to be untrustworthy as citizens. They were slaves and laborers.
Who were the Helot?
The name for the men who fought at the Battle of Marathon. They were honored veterans who were revered for their role in guaranteeing Athenian freedom from Persia.
Who were the Marathonomachoi?
Democratic leader of the Men of the Hills, and would stop at nothing to gain power in Athenian government. After working in silver mines for about ten years, he hired an army of mercenaries and forcefully took over Athens, ruling as tyrant to a generally accepting public until his death.
Who was Peisistratus?
The ____________ was a warrior chief-chief clan that spawned the first Macedonian kings. They built a capital city, organized an army, and collected taxes.
Who were the Argead?
Term for an Athenian foot soldier. They were named after their shields.
What was a hoplite?
Son-in-law of Xerxes, was put in control of the Persian army in Greece after Xerxes left to squash a Babylonian rebellion.
Who was Mardonius?
A trained runner, was sent from Marathon to Sparta for assistance against approaching Persian troops. Was said to have covered the 140 miles between Sparta and Athens in barely twenty-four hours, a feat of endurance still remembered in the name of the longest Olympic footrace, the marathon.
Who was Pheidippides?
Where a small number of Athenian hoplites fought a large Persian army and navy, was a staggering victory for Athens. Herodotus claims that 6,400 Perians died, as opposed to 192 Athenians.
What was the Battle of Marathon?
The shield used by an Athenian hoplite. Had grips at the side rather than the center. Designed to leave the right arm free for spear use, which meant that it exposed part of the user's right-hand side, but it jutted out to the left far enough to cover the right side of the next soldier.
What was a Hoplon?
Darius's most trusted general, and was responsible for the Persian conquest of Thrace.
Who was Megabazus?
Was built by Darius of Persia to connect Susa to Sardis, his secondary center of administration.
What was the Royal Road?
Was fought between the Persians, who had been given the location of a hidden mountain road, and three hundred Spartans. The Spartans fought until they were wiped out; later, the heroism of the soldiers who fell would become one of the most famous acts of heroism in history.
What was the Battle of Thermopylae?
Succeeded Cleomenes as king of Sparta.
Who was Leonidas?
Commander of the Athenian hoplites during the Battle of Marathon.
Who was Miltiades?
Sent a message to Xerxes encouraging the Persian leader to attack the Peloponnese, a trick designed to help the Greeks triumph over the Persians. After the Persian defeat, he sent another message to Xerxes, this time telling the king that the Greek fleet intended to sail up to the Hellespont and rip up the Persians' pontoon bridge, which caused the Persians to retreat from Greece.
Who was Themistocles?