Hypersensitivity
What is a type 1 rxn?
-immunoglobulin involved
-list examples
Rapid/immediate, allergic rxn, local or systemic
IgE
asthma, anaphylaxis
Chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Joint pain, painful/decreased ROM.
-treatment/diagnosis
RA.
-methotrexate
-radiography to see bony erosions, s/sx, labs
I have CD4 count of 350 and Non-hodgkins lymphoma, what does this mean?
This = AIDS
What is the job of the T cells?
cellular mediated immune response
eliminate cells with infection
activates inflammatory response
Complications of Lupus
renal failure, drug toxicity, joint necrosis
Contact dermititis, poison oak, TB skin test- what type of hypersensitivity are these examples and what is the antibody involved
Type 4, no antibody involved.
Chronic inflammatory disease affecting organ systems
-diagnosis
Lupus
-4/11 criteria, presence of ANA doesn't confirm
This patient has a negative rapid HIV test, now what?
Tell them to come back and repeat in 3-6months, the virus may not have risen up to detectable levels. They aren't safe yet!
What are CD4 cells and why are they important?
Respond to infections, release cytokines--> activates T&B cells to destroy infection.
Lack of CD4 or decrease= decrease in immune function/immunity
PCP, toxoplasmosis, non-Hodgkins, M avium.... etc.
Body's inability to rid self of antigen-antibody complexes
antibody involved:
Type 3, autoimmune
IgM--> IgG
Teaching for pt with lupus
avoid sun exposure/wear sunscreen, eat well balanced diet.
Gold standard:
who do we admin this to and after what?
Western blot test
>12mon of age, after positive HIV rapid test
Important assessments for immune system
Palpation lymph nodes, tenderness, mobility, vaccine hx, travel hx, family hx, surgical (splenectomy?) nutritional status, hx of illness (Epstein bar virus?) exposures to chemicals, toxins..etc.
What meds they are on : steroids, chemo agents, immunosuppressants.
How long after a patient becomes symptomatic with HIV can they develop AIDS
Blood transfusion rxn
antibody involved
type 2
IgM----> IgG
Things to watch for in lupus patients
renal, hepatic labs (BUN, creatinine, LST/LFT) chronic inflammation--> biproducts filtered by these two organs.
also joint pain/mobility
What do we need to keep in mind/teach our patients about ART medications
COMPLIANCE, take as close to the same time per day as possible, get vaccinations! (no live)
What is the role of prostaglandins?
fever to try and kill infections, inflammatrion-->increased capillary permeability--> allows for better exchange to get rid of bad cells
What is the prophylactic medication a person not affected with HIV can take if they are engaging in sexual activities with a HIV+ person
Truvada!
Which type is delayed?
Type 4.
What are antimalarial drugs helpful for?
Lupus! For some reason, chills out the immune system.
Viral load
amount of HIV virus in body. higher the number= sicker they are
What is Immunosenescence ?
what are some manifestations?gradual deterioration of the immune system brought on by natural age advancement.
-older adults cannot muster up as obvious of an immune response, so a concerning fever for them may be 99.9F, decreased size of thymus, increased risk of cancer/autoimmuneviral set point
when HIV is replicating but your body is still able to fight it off, eventually CD4 count will drop, viral load will increase, and the disease progresses when your immune system can't keep up