Power
What is power to?
This refers to non-state groups that operate between individuals and the government.
What is civil society?
This organization provides loans to countries and often attaches policy conditions to them.
What is the International Monetary Fund?
This type of conflict occurs between a state and a non-state actor outside its territory.
What is extra-state conflict?
This HL paper requires students to analyze a stimulus and apply course concepts to a specific global political issue.
What is Paper 3
This term describes actors below the national level that exercise political authority.
What is subnational government?
These are groups that face systemic disadvantage and are often disproportionately affected by policies or crises
What are marginalized groups?
This term refers to policy requirements attached to international financial loans.
What is loan conditionality?
These are formal processes used to address past human right abuses after conflict.
What are Truth and Reconciliation Commissions?
This type of political forum operates through unofficial dialogue, NGOs, or advocacy networks rather than formal state institutions.
What is an informal political forum
According to SLIP, this form of power relies on persuasion and attraction rather than coercion.
What is soft power?
This UN body monitors and promotes human rights globally/
What is the United Nations Human Rights Council?
This measures the biologically productive land and sea area needed to support a population.
What are global hectares (GHA)?
This theory argues that human beings and animals should live in harmony all together to achieve peace
What is Holistic peace theory?
This terms refers to the formal process of writing rules into binding legal documents
What is codification?
This document establishes the structure and purposes of the United Nations.
What is the Charter of the United Nations
This UN agency focuses specifically on protecting refugees and displaced persons.
What is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees?
This term describes when a countries becomes trapped in unsustainable debt due to external borrowing.
What is a debt trap?
This scholar introduced the distinction between positive and negative peace.
Who is Johan Galtung?
This theory argues that international politics is shaped by ideas, norms, and identities rather than just material power
What is Constructivism?
This principle allows the International community to intervene when a state fails to protect its population from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing or crimes against humanity.
What is Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
This concept refers to the presence of justice, equality, and strong institutions that prevent violence.
What is positive peace?
Critics argue that these global goals are too broad, lack enforcement mechanisms, and can be shaped by Western priorities.
What are the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs)?
This term describes violence carried out by a state against its own population.
What is intra-state conflict?
This term refers to long-term efforts to address the root causes of conflict and prevent its recurrence.
What is peace building?