Pharmacology
What is the main MOA of Ace inhibitor?
Reduce Angiotensinn II
The SA node is made up of
Pacemaker cells
A solid or semi-solid mass formed from the constituents of blood within the intact vascular system during life.
Thrombus
An imaginary transverse thoracic plane passing through the sternal angle (T4/T5 joint) divides the region into superior and inferior compartments.
Sternal angle division
What decreases Na re-uptake?
Thiazide
K-sparing diuretics
Phase 0 of the generation of Action Potential is called :
Rapid depolarisation
Circumscribed area of ischaemic necrosis in an organ or tissue resulting from interference of blood flow, usually arterial.
What is the most common type of Atrial Septal defect?
Ostium secundum (75%)
ostium primum ( 15%)
Sinus venosus (10%)
MOA: decrease - heart rate, contractility, renin release, sympathetic drive
beta- blocker
The P wave on an ECG represent which mechanical event?
Atrial contraction
Characterised by lesions in the intima of large and medium-sized arteries
Atherosclerosis
Valve with 2 cusps
Mitral / bicsupid valve
Drug class of Dapagliflozin & Empagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
The dicrotic notch corresponds to ___ valve ____?
Aortic Valve closure
Beginning of Phase 4 : isovolumetric relaxation
When does coagulative necrosis and acute inflammation with neutrophils occur in a Myocardial infarction?
First few days (or Day 1-3)
This superficial vein of the neck crosses over the sternocleidomastoid muscle and drains mainly into the subclavian vein.
External jugualr vein
What are two adverse effects of Angiotensin Receptor - Neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI)
1. Hypotension
2. Hyperkalemia
3. Renal impairment
During ventricular systole, an acute increase in this variable causes the left ventricle to generate a higher pressure before the aortic valve opens, increases end-systolic volume, and decreases stroke volume. What is the variable?
Afterload
A postoperative patient develops unilateral calf swelling and tenderness after several days of immobilisation. The underlying pathology is promoted by venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability, and its most feared complication results from embolisation to the pulmonary circulation.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
This artery is the continuation of the subclavian artery after it crosses the lateral border of the first rib and becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of teres major.
Axillary Artery