Lecture 6
Which artery passes the teres major muscle and becomes the brachial artery to the upper extremity?
Axillary artery
What is the structure of lymphatic vessels?
tunica interna, media, and adventitia
have valves
Cutaneous branches from the cervical plexus joins at what location?
Erb’s point
Which fascia covers the entire head?
superficial cranial fascia
Which oral cavity is lined with endoderm?
Primitive pharynx
Which cervical spinal nerve passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?
Brachial plexus (C5-T1)
drain excess extracellular fluid from the body and return it to the veins of the circulatory system
mount an immune response
absorbs lipids from the digestive tract
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
Posterior - trapezius muscle
Anterior - SCM
Inferior- clavicle
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
Carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes
Which nerve is associated with branchial arch 6?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
List the 4 branches of the subclavian artery
Internal thoracic a.
Vertebral a
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk
What are the primary and secondary lymphoid organs? What is the difference between the roles of primary and secondary lymphoid organs?
-- primary --
produce and mature lymphocytes
thymus, bone marrow
-- secondary --
store lymphocytes and initiate adaptive immune responses
lymph nodes, spleen, lymphoid nodules in the GI tract, tonsils
List the 4 infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoid m
Sternothyroid m
Thyrohyoid m
Omohyoid m
What part of the carotid artery are chemoreceptors located in? baroreceptors?
chemoreceptors - the carotid body
baroreceptors - the carotid sinus
What pouch and cleft is associated with branchial arch 2?
Palatine tonsils, cervical sinus
An injury to which nerve may lead to mid-humeral fractures?
Radial nerve
What are the right and left patterns of lymphatic drainage?
right: right lymphatic ducts drain into the right subclavian vein
left: left jugular trunk drains into the left thoracic duct, which then drains at the junction of the left subclavian and the left jugular vein
What type of contractions of the infrahyoid muscles stabilizes the hyoid?
isometric/eccentric
What does the common carotid split into? Where does each branch go?
external goes to the neck, face, and meninges: superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries
Which 2 developments of the skull form from neural crest cells and somites?
Membranous neurocranium
Neural chondrocranium
List the 5 nerves in the superior thoracic aperture and one innervation for each.
Vagus n - GVE, GVA
Recurrent laryngeal n - SVE
Phrenic n - GSE
Brachial plexus - GSE, GSA
Sympathetic chain - GVE
Where does the cervical sympathetic chain synapse to the head, neck and, heart?
Head - synapses in the superior cervical ganglion
Neck - synapses in the inferior and middle cervical ganglia
Heart - synapses in the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia
If the mandible is fixed by masticatory muscles, concentric contractions results in what movement?
Elevates the hyoid
What do the endocrine, respiratory, and alimentary layers of the cervical viscera cover?
endocrine - thyroid and parathyroid glands
respiratory - larynx and trachea
alimentary - pharynx and esophagus
List the 2 major regions of the tongue and list associated arches, sensation and taste innervations.
Oral tongue (anterior ⅔) - arch 1-2, GSA CN V, SVA CN VII
Pharyngeal tongue (posterior ⅓) - arch 3, GSA CN IX, SVA CN IX