The moderate phase (1789-1791)
This assembly set about the gigantic rationalization and reform of France between 1789 and 1791.
What is the Constituent Assembly?
After the overthrow of the monarchy, a new age was proclaimed with the institution of Year I of the revolutionary calendar by this specific Parisian mass movement.
Who are the Sansculottes?
This parliamentary group, representing big business and the provincial bourgeoisie, was bellicose abroad but moderate at home.
Who are the Girondins?
To survive bankruptcy and invasion, the young French Republic invented this concept, involving total mobilization, conscription, and rationing.
What is total war?
Born in 1769 in Corsica, this ambitious artillery officer became First Consul, Consul for life, and eventually Emperor.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
Two striking international results of this period were the pioneer emancipation of the Jews and the introduction of this measurement system.
What is the metric system?
Foreign rulers believed that restoring this French king to full power was a vital safeguard against the spread of appalling revolutionary ideas.
Who was Louis XVI?
The Girondins extended the war into an ideological crusade and directly challenged this major international economic rival of France.
Who is Britain?
On the Ninth Thermidor (July 27, 1794), the Convention overthrew this isolated leader, executing him the next day.
Who was Robespierre?
Unlike orthodox forces, the French revolutionary army absolute rule for promotion was based strictly on this quality.
What is merit?
Economically, the perspectives of the Constituent Assembly were entirely of this type, encouraging rural entrepreneurs and banning trade unions.
What is liberal?
These two general political forces inside France pushed the nation into war, though for completely different reasons.
What are the extreme right and the moderate left?
Unlike the Jacobins, the Girondins did not want to try or execute this individual, a choice that cost them political prestige.
Who is the King? (Louis XVI)
For the solid middle-class Frenchman, this extreme and violent period was seen as the only effective method of preserving their country.
What is The Terror?
Between 1800 and 1815, Napoleon lost 40% of his forces; however, 90% to 98% of these men died from sickness and cold rather than this.
What is battle?
The common people received little concrete satisfaction during this phase, except for the secularization and sale of these specific lands.
What are church lands? (or lands of the emigrant nobility)
War was officially declared in this month and year, eventually turning the French Revolution into the history of Europe.
What is April 1792?
This was the nickname given to the Jacobins, who competed with the Girondins for revolutionary prestige.
What is 'the Mountain'?
This economic measure severely alienated the peasantry in the countryside.
What is price-control and rationing?
These great lucid monuments of French law became models for the entire non-Anglo-Saxon bourgeois world.
What are the Napoleonic Codes? (or the Civil Code)
The Constitution of 1791 fended off excessive democracy by implementing this form of government.
What is Constitutional Monarchy?
This was the approximate number of Frenchmen who emigrated between 1789 and 1795, camping in West German cities to seek foreign intervention.
What is 300,000?
The Girondins were finally overthrown on June 2, 1793, following a rapid coup organized by this group in Paris.
Who are the Sansculottes?
The Jacobins abolished slavery in the colonies to encourage the Africans of this specific territory to fight for the Republic against the English.
What is San Domingo?
According to Hobsbawm, Napoleon destroyed only this specific ideal—the dream of equality, liberty, and fraternity.
What is the Jacobin Revolution?