Bio Basics (Ch 1)
Organisms grow and develop by ____ ________
cell division
We are now currently living in the Anthropocene epoch (started around 1950). Name one reason why scientists reclassified this time as the Anthropocene
*new material, like pure Al or plastic or concrete
*amount of radioactive waste deposited everywhere
*humans have altered landscapes/ topography
*burning of fossil fuels
*human caused extinctions of many lifeforms
Describe the makeup of the lipid bilayer
double row of lipids with proteins mixed in
Why is photosynthesis and cellular respiration classified as biochemical pathways?
Both consist of a series of reactions that are dependent on each other to happen
In what organelle do you find the thylakoids and the stroma?
(HINT: check Ch 8)
chloroplast
Explain the difference between how homeostasis affects an organism and how a response to stimuli affects an organism. (can give an example of each to help explain)
Homeostasis= body/cells reacting to an INTERNAL change
Response to stimuli= organism reacting to an EXTERNAL change (environmental change)
On a food web, which organism will have more energy available to it- the primary consumer or the tertiary consumer? Explain
Primary consumer- just has to eat grass; doesn't have to work as hard to get food
Name two organelles that are ONLY FOUND in plant cells- Describe their functions
Cell wall= rigid support
Chloroplast= photosynthesis
Large central vacuole= stores water
Most of the ATP produced by Cellular Respiration Occurs WHERE on the mitochondria. Also name the process
Cristae; electron transport chain
Where do you find the Element Carbon in the periodic table? Name the Group and Period number. Also, give its atomic number
(HINT: check your quiz; or look in CH 2)
Carbon= Group 14; Period 2 (atomic number 6)
Birds migrating South for the Winter and North for the Summer illustrates what characteristic of life? Explain your answer
Response to Stimuli- the birds are moving based off the seasonal changes which is an EXTERNAL change
Explain the difference between a density dependent limiting factor and a density independent limiting factor. Provide an example of each
Density Dependent: population size has an effect on the limiting factor impacts a population: Disease; parasite spread, competition for food/space/mates/water
Density Independent: has nothing to do with population size- any natural disaster
Describe the difference between a hypertonic solution vs a hypotonic solution. INCLUDE what the cell will look like in each solution and how water will move with relation to the cell
Hypertonic= concentration greater outside the cell; cell will shrink as water leaves
Hypotonic= concentration less outside the cell; cell will expand as water enters
Photosynthesis consists of 2 main reactions- Light and Dark. Specify where each part occurs and what each process makes
Light Reactions- thylakoid; makes oxygen and products for the dark reactions
Dark Reactions- stroma; makes glucose/food
Describe/ Draw an atom. Explain/ label where the nucleus is and what makes it up. Explain;label where you find the electrons
(HINT: Ch 2)
Nucleus is in the center (made up of protons and neutrons)
Electrons are on the outside
Explain the difference between a prokaryote cell and a eukaryote cell. Provide an example of each type
Prokaryote= cell with no nucleus; Bacteria
Eukaryote= cell w/ nucleus; animal or plant or fungi
Describe what the population pyramids of a shrinking population would look like vs a growing population. Specify which age groups will be more numerous
shrinking- pyramid tapers down with more middle age adults than children/babies
growing- pyramid will expand at the bottom with more children/babies than middle age adults
Explain how chloroplasts and mitochondria work together within a plant cell
chloroplasts make the food that the mitochondria will convert into ATP
Both the fermentation cycles and cellular respiration require this molecule for step 1. Name the molecule, the process it goes through, and what the molecule is broken down into
Both need Glucose
goes through Glycolysis (step 1)
Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid
Name the Enzymes that will help you digest the following parts of a pizza. SPECIFIY which enzyme helps with what food component
Crust, cheese, sausage, grease/ fat
(HINT: CH 2)
Amylase= crust
Lactase= cheese
Pepsin= sausage
Lipase= fat
Explain what is meant by autotroph and heterotroph. Provide an example of each type
Autotroph: makes its own food; plant
Heterotroph: consumer(stuffs its face); any animal or fungi
Describe one of the ecological disasters from the chapter. Explain where and when it happened. Explain how the the local economy and environment was harmed. Include if the area recovered or not
answer will vary; needs description, harm, and outlook
Compare and Contrast Passive and Active transport. (1 difference and one similarity needed) Provide an example of each type
Passive= no ATP needed; High to Low (Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or osmosis)
Active= ATP needed; Low to High (Pumps; Endocytosis, Exocytosis)
Both= transport substances across the cell membrane
Describe TWO differences between Cellular respiration and the fermentation cycles
cellular respiration= makes a Lot of ATP; happens in the mitochondria
fermentation cycles= no ATP made; happens in the cytoplasm
How do Enzymes work? What can denature an enzyme?
lower the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction and help break apart the molecules
Denature= change in temp/ pH