Chapter 24
Which fabric making technique is used for making socks? Why?
Knitting is used for making socks. It gives a lot of stretch and easy-care properties to fabric.
A poor conductor of heat is
A poor conductor of heat is silk.
Underwears are made using which technique?
Knitting
------- is used for industrial purposes. (cotton/nylon)
Nylon
Justify the given statements -
A closely woven fabric is more serviceable and stronger
Justification- Yes, a closely woven fabric has a larger quantity of yarns than a loosely woven fabric and is therefore more serviceable.
Differences between basket and rib weave.
Basket Weave
Two or more weft yarns are interlaced as a unit with corresponding number of warp yarns to give a basket like effect.
Matte fabric commonly used for cross stitch embroidery is an example of such a weave.
Rib Weave
Rib or line effect is created by using thin yarns with thick yarns or single yarns with doubled yarns in any one direction
Broadcloth, cord fabric, faille, poplin, taffeta are examples of rib weave.
State two points each you will keep in mind when selecting clothes for the following:
A long bus journey
A marriage occasion
Clothes for traveling should be dark colours and should not crumple easily.
Bright colours like lehenga cholis, ghagras and shararas often accompanied by bright accessories like bangles, chains and earrings.
The finished edge of a fabric along its length
A fabric making technique used for making shoe-laces
Selvedge
What properties will you keep in mind while selecting fabric for curtains?
The properties that I will keep in my mind while selecting fabric for curtains are length of fibre, yarn, fabric construction techniques, the strength of the fabric, and also the finishes given to the fabric.
Collect 10 markings and write about the informative label of marking. State why it is good.
Ans 3. The informative label is good because it tells the consumers about:
the composition of a product
what can be expected of it in the way of performance,
how it should be cared for and
the use to which it may be put
A weave in which the surface has diagonal lines
One ball of yarn interlooped to get a fabric
Which weave is created by using thick yarns with thin yarns in one direction?
Twill weave
Knitting
Rib Weave
Selection of clothes depends on the occasion and season. Support this statement with the help of one example each.
Yes, selection of clothes depends on the occasion and season in the following ways:
We wear cottons in summers and woolen in winters.
When we are attending a marriage we wear dresses in bright colours like lehenga cholis, ghagras and shararas often accompanied by bright accessories like bangles, chains and earrings.
Q1.In which fabric, fibres are held together by mechanical force, gum or heat?
Q2. Which weave gives a shiny surface to the fabric and why? Write one disadvantage of such a weave.
Namada
2.Satin weave gives a shiny surface to the fabric.
One disadvantage of satin weave is that the long floats that snag easily therefore satin weave is not as strong as plain or twill weave.
Which two features each will you check while selecting clothes
1. Infants
2.School going children:
3. Adolescents :
Infants :
Clothes should be soft and light as babies have tender and delicate skin.
They should be easy to maintain.
2. School going children:
Children of this age group are in the growing stage. They like to run about and play and are very active.
Hence, their clothes must be made of strong and durable fabrics which can take a lot of wear and tear.
Do take care to see that there is adequate cloth inside the seams which can be opened up to fit rapidly growing children.
3. Adolescents :
Adolescents are very conscious about clothes and want to wear the ‘latest’ styles.
They like to have variety in their clothes because they do not want to repeat the same dress every day.
It is advisable to select clothes which they can mix and match so that they can achieve variety with few clothes
State true or false and correct the false statement.
1. Synthetic fibres are ideal for baby's under garments.- False, synthetic clothes are non-absorbent. These can be very uncomfortable as baby's clothes.
2. Doctors wear white coats to look fashionable.- False, doctors must bok neat, clean and efficiently. They must protect themselves from infections. That is why they wear white coats.
3. Clothing for travelling should preferably be of light colours.- False, during travelling clothes become very dirty. So, light colours should be avoided.
4. Delicate fabrics like silk are ideal for a long train journey.- False, one must wear strong and tough fabric during a long train journey. Only strong fabrics can withstand the wear and tear of a long journey.
5. Cotton shirts that are easy to slip on or that have double breasted front
openings with snaps are some easy to wear styles for infants.- True, as a baby is mostly lying down such clothes are not only easy to wear but also does not hurt the delicate skin of an infant.
GIve one word for the following sets of words
1.A weave that has diagonal lines on the fabric
2.A weave that has long floats on the surface
3.The total number of yarns per square inch of the fabric
4.Only one set of yarn is interlooped to get a fabric
Twill Weave
Satin Weave
Knitting
Difference between plain and Rib weave
Plain weave
Each and every weft yarn goes alternately under and over the warp yarns across the width of the fabric
Mulmul dupattas, organdy and chiffon sarees are examples of plain weave.
Rib Weave
Rib or line effect is created by using thin yarns with thick yarns or single yarns with doubled yarns in any one direction of the fabric.
Broadcloth, cord fabric, faille, poplin, taffeta are examples of rib weave.
Textile traders adopt various malpractices. Enlighten Rita about the malpractices as she has to purchase fabric for curtains.
Textile traders adopt various malpractices. Enlighten Rita about the malpractices as she has to purchase fabric for curtains.
Ans. The various malpractices while selecting fabric and traders selling fabric are the following:
Giving lesser quantity/ or poor quality of the product - Rita has to decide the quality of the fabric for the curtains she wants before going to the seller.
Cheating on price- She may have to go to different traders of the curtain fabrics to know how much each trader is selling the fabrics.
Selling defective goods - Rita has to check that the fabric for the curtain is fresh and not defective.
Providing false, misleading and incomplete labels and markings - When Rita buys the fabric for her curtains she needs to know about the marking like fastness, care and maintenance and other quality marks.
Which three criteria will you check for buying good quality fabric?
Ans. The three criteria to check for buying good quality of the fabric are:
Material
The cloth should be pleasing to touch.
The durability of fabric, as you know, depends on the kind and quality of the fiber, strength of the yarn, the amount of twist in the yarn and compactness of construction.
A closely woven fabric has a larger quantity of yarns than a loosely woven fabric and is therefore more serviceable.
Weave
Long floats in weave should be avoided as they tend to snag easily.
The strength of the cloth may be tested by applying tension between the two thumbs. Threads should not slope away from each other if the cloth is soundly constructed.
Weave should be uniform when you hold it up to the light and check for any unusually thin or thick areas. The light test will also show weak spots or any other irregularities.
Finish
Note the smell of the cloth, it should be clean and not oily.
Look against the light for even dyeing. If you notice that colour has rubbed off from the crease lines it indicates poor dye quality.
A geometric pattern should meet the selvedge at right angles. It is difficult to match an irregular print while making an apparel.
No powdery dust should appear when fabric is rubbed between the fingers. Visible powder is an indication of too much starch. Manufacturers use a high degree of sizing to conceal poor quality of fabric.
Briefly describe any four techniques of fabric construction. Give one example for each technique.
Briefly describe any four techniques of fabric construction. Give one example for each technique.
Ans. The four techniques of fabric construction are:
Weaving:
Weaving is the most commonly used method of fabric construction.
In weaving, two sets of yarns are interlaced with one another at right angles.
Weaving gives a firm fabric.
Example: Mattress (Chatai)
Knitting
In knitting, yarn is interlooped to get a fabric, which gives a lot of stretch and easy-care properties to fabric.
Knits are mainly used for hosiery.
Examples: Underwear, T-shirts, socks, sweaters
Nets
They are open-mesh fabrics with geometrical shapes.
These yarns may be knotted at the point of intersection.
Example: Mosquito nets
Laces
Yarns are criss-crossed to create intricate designs.
Yarns may be interlooped, interlaced or knotted to give open-mesh structure.
Laces are very important trimmings that are used to decorate a garment.
Guide your friend in checking the workmanship of a ready-made dress.
The workmanship of a ready- made garment my friend should check is that Workmanship means the constructional details.
Look at the wrong side of the garment.
Check the fasteners and zippers by opening and closing.
There should be enough seam allowance.
Pull one end of the seam to check the durability. All seams should be doubled.
Edges of collars should be well defined.
No raw edges should be visible. Pipings, facings, etc.should be neatly done.
Some fabrics look dense and compact while some look open. Why? What does this refer to?
Some fabrics look dense and compact while some look open due to the thread count which refers to the total number of warps and wefts per square inch of a woven fabric.
Thread count tells us about the fabric quality and durability.
Fabric with a higher thread count is better than fabric with lower thread count. Also, for good quality fabric, warps and wefts should be more or less equal in number.
You have to buy a ready-made suit for yourself. How will you make a good purchase?
For a wise selection of readymade garments I will check the following:
Design of the garment:
The design of any item is guided by four important elements: basic style line, shape form, colour and texture or the type of fabric.
Fit : To check the fit, we look at the shoulders, bust, waist and length. It should be appealing to the figure.
Workmanship: Look at the wrong side of the dress. All seams should be finished.
Price: Price factor actually goes along with all other factors. The quality of fabric, constructional details, embroidery, etc
Care and maintenance: Factor in the cost of repeatedly dry cleaning, and ensure it is color fast.
You have a college-going sister. What fabrics and dresses are most appropriate for her and why?
Ans 6.
Teenagers are very conscious about clothes and want to wear the ‘latest’ styles.
For them, fit and style are important qualities of clothes
It is advisable to select clothes which they can mix and match so that they can achieve variety with few clothes.
e.g. a couple of pairs of jeans and a few T-shirts, can be mixed and matched to create a variety.