Stimulus-Response Pathway
What is a stimulus?
A change in the environment that the body notices.
Why is a blink reflex important?
It protects the eyes.
Insulin or Glucagon
What does our internal body temperature stay close to?
37oC
Is kicking a ball a voluntary or involuntary response?
Voluntary
What detects a stimulus?
Receptors
What part of the body is the control centre for reflexes?
The spinal cord
What type of message does the endocrine system send?
Chemical messages
What is the 'effector' response for when the body gets too hot?
Sweating
What happens to your heart rate when you perform slow breathing exercises?
It drops/goes down.
What type of receptor does your eyes use to detect light?
Photoreceptors.
What is a reflex?
A fast, automatic (involuntary) response.
What part of the brain links the nervous and endocrine systems?
Hypothalamus
When blood sugar levels are low, what does the liver break down glycogen into?
Glucose
The 'fight or flight' response is another name for what branch of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic
What organ is not required in a reflex response?
The brain.
In a reflex arc response, what type of neuron tells your muscle to pull your hand away?
Motor neuron.
What type of cell in the pancreas releases insulin when blood sugar levels are high?
β-cells (beta cells)
Name the 4 main parts of the negative feedback loop.
2. Receptor
3. Control Centre
4. Effector
What is the name of the nerve that connects your brain to your gut?
Vagus nerve
What type of neuron sends a signal to the spine when you're knee (patellar) is tapped?
Sensory neuron
What is the name of the tendon that is tapped in the knee-jerk reflex?
Patellar
Name 1 thing the endocrine system controls.
Options: Blood glucose, metabolism, water levels, growth
The glucose level in the blood is 50mg/100mL. What does the pancreas do?
Releases glucagon, signalling the liver to release glycogen stores.
How can you stimulate a parasympathetic response?
Options: Slow breathing exercises, listening to music, cold water exposure, massage.