Scientists
DNA Structure
DNA Replication
RNA / Transcription
Translation
100
Process that Griffeth discovered by working with Harmless & Disease causing bacteria and how one can transfer genetic information to the other
Transformation
100
2 word phrase that describes the orientation of the physical set up of DNA
Double Helix
100
Word that describes new DNA strands in how 1 strand is from the original DNA (parental strand) and 1 strand is a newly constructed DNA strand (daughter strand).
Semiconservative
100
3 differences between RNA & DNA
1. RNA single stranded (DNA double); 2. RNA contains U instead of T; 3. RNA contains Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose (and 4, RNA may leave the nucleus)
100
Organelle where translation occurs.
Ribosome
200
These scientists confirmed that DNA is the "Transforming Factor" of heritable information by using Phosphorus and Sulfur radioisotopes in Bacteriophages.
Hershey and Chase
200
Nitrogen Base that properly pairs with Cytosine
Guanine
200
how the template DNA strand is read in DNA Replication
3' to 5'
200
RNA nitrogen bases that are single ringed and are categorized as pyrimidines
Cytosine and Uracil
200
3 base sequence on mRNA that codes for specific Amino Acids
Codon
300
Used previous evidence to construct the DNA structure and was awarded the Nobel Prize
Watson and Crick
300
3 components of a DNA nucleotide
Deoxyribose Pentose Sugar, Phosphate and N-Base
300
Primase (enzyme) lays down an RNA Primer so that _____ can bind and begin laying down new DNA nucleotides.
DNA Polymerase
300
When mRNA is made during transcription, it is constructed from the ___ end to the ___ end.
5' ; 3'
300
RNA that carries Amino Acids to the Ribosome for Polypeptide assembly
tRNAs
400
Scientist that used X-Ray diffraction to take a photo of DNA leading to the discovery of its double helix structure
(Rosalind) Franklin
400
Type of bonds that connect Nitrogenous bases (A - T ; C - G) together
Hydrogen
400
Enzyme that "loosens" DNA by allowing DNA to unwind so that Helicase can break the H bonds of the N-bases and "unzip" DNA.
Topoisomerase
400
The region of DNA where a ________ is located and where RNA polymerase attaches signaling the beginning of Transcription (mRNA construction)
TATA box (Promoter is acceptable answer)
400
What Amino Acid does the Codon ACG code for?
Threonine
500
Determined the percentages of different nitrogen - bases determining that there were equal number of Guanine and Cytosine bases and equal number of Adenine and Thymine Bases
Chargaff
500
DNA Nitrogen bases that are "double - ringed" and categorized as Purines
Adenine and Guanine
500
Only 1 RNA primer needs to be laid down on the continuous strand (where DNA nucleotides are laid down continuously toward the Replication Fork), however, in making the ______ strand (away from the Replication Fork), - many RNA primers are needed so that DNA is laid down in fragments called ______ fragments.
Lagging ; Okazaki
500
During RNA editing, Spliceosomes remove ____ (noncoding sections) and _____ are joined back together.
Introns ; Exons
500
What binding site along the Ribosome are Amino Acids bound together with peptide bonds and put together to make a polypeptide. It is also the site where the Polypeptide starts.
P binding site
600
These scientists determined that DNA was the transforming factor in Griffeth's experiment by systematically eliminating different biological molecules.
Avery, MacLeod and McCarty
600
Word that describes how the 5' and 3' ends are arranged opposite between the 2 strands of DNA
Antiparallel
600
These molecular components hold the DNA apart (after Helicase "unzips" DNA) so that replication can occur
SSB (Single - Stranded binding) Proteins
600
The _____ cap is added to 5' end of mRNA which stabalizes mRNA while the _____ tail is added to the 3' end of mRNA which prevents enzymatic degradation
GTP ; Poly (A)
600
For the following DNA sequence, - T A C C T G A C T
1. Give the mRNA sequence
2. Give the tRNA sequence
3. Name what each codon codes for
1. A U G // G A C // U G A
2. U A C // C U G // A C U
3. Start (MET), Aspartic Acid, STOP