Characteristics of Life
Macromolecules
Cells
Cell Transport
Enzymes
100
Name at least 3 characteristics of life.
1. Made of genetic material, 2. Have cells, 3. Grow and Develop, 4. Maintain homeostasis, 5. React to the Environment, 6. Evolve, 7. Reproduce, 8. Make Energy
100
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
100
How are eukaryotes different from prokaryotes?
1. Eukaryotes DO have a nucleus. Prokaryotes have NO nucleus.
2. Eukaryotes keep their genetic information inside the nucleus. Prokaryotes do not.
100
What would happen to a cell if is placed in a HYPOtonic environment?
Water would move INTO the cell... HYPOtonic environments make the cell GROW.
100
Enzymes are composed of what macromolecules?
proteins
200
One characteristic of life is that all living things respond to a stimulus. They do this in order to maintain a consistent (same) internal environment. What word means STAYING THE SAME?
Homeostasis
200
What is the purpose of enzymes?
Enzymes speed up reactions/lower the activation energy needed for a reaction.
200
What organelle makes proteins?
A ribosome.
200
Give one example of ACTIVE TRANSPORT.
Active transport requires energy: protein pumps, exocytosis, endocytosis.
200
How do enzymes work?
Enzymes speed up reactions/lower the activation energy needed for a reaction.
300
Give one reason why biologists consider viruses to NOT be living things.
The can't 1) replicate on their own and 2) make energy on their own
300
Which macromolecule makes up the largest part of the cell membrane?
Lipids (remember--phospholipid bilayer!)
300
Are plant and animal cell proteins exactly the same?
No
300
Look at the diagram of a cell in a solution. The cell membrane is permeable to water, but not glucose. Describe what would happen AND tell why.
100-10% = 90% water INSIDE the cell. 100-90 = 10% water OUTSIDE the cell. Water will move OUT of the cell from high to low concentration. The cell will shrink.
300
The names of enzymes typically end in what suffix?
- ase
400
This frog changes from an egg to a tadpole, and finally to an adult frog. Which characteristic of life does this represent?
All living things grow and develop.
400
Give at least THREE functions of proteins.
1. Energy 2. Structure (muscles, bones, etc.), 3. Enzymes 4. Cell Communication 4. Transport across Cell Membrane 5. Movement, 6. Defense/immune, 7. Hormones
400
What would be an effect having a reduced amount of mitochondria>
Less energy available
400
Describe the cell membrane. Be sure to use these words in your answer: polar, non-polar, phospholipid.
The cell membrane is made of a PHOSPHOLIPID bilayer. The outside is POLAR carbohydrate, the inside is NON-POLAR lipid.
400
What do you call enzymes that can work in extremely hot environments?
Thermophiles
500
Name 2 similarities between viruses and living things
- Have genetic material
- Evolve
500
What are the monomers of lipids.
glycerol
fatty acids
500
How would exposing a protein to a temperature or pH that is not optimal for it affect its functioning?
It would denature (have it's structure changed) which could possibly cause it not to work properly or stop working.
500
What would happen to a plant if is placed in a HYPERtonic environment?
Water would move from the cell to DILUTE the environment. The cell would shrink. This will cause the plant to wither.
500
How does a competitor inhibitor stops the function of enzymes?
By blocking the active site where reactants will bind.