Protein Synthesis I
Protein Synthesis II
Vocab
Etc.
100
In order for genes to be expressed (“made” so to speak), what two processes must occur?
Transcription and Translation
100
Which process of protein synthesis comes first
transcription
100
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes and is the information is used to make proteins.
DNA
100
The following components in order from largest to smallest
1. Chromosome
2. DNA nucleotide
3. Codon
4. Gene
1. Chromosome
2. Gene
3. Codon
4. DNA nucleotide
200
This protein adds complementary RNA bases to a strand of DNA during transcription
RNA Polymerase
200
What happens to the DNA strand after transcription is completed?
It zips back up
200
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
200
True or False: The genetic code for every species is different.
False. All amino acids are made from the same "recipe" shown on the codon wheel.
300
Name the three types of RNA.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
300
What is the function of ribosomal RNA?
Makes up the ribosome
300
A sequence of three nitrogen bases is called a _____ and is the code for one _____.
Codon
Amino Acid
300
These explain why heart cells are different than lung cells.
Transcription factors
400
What is the function of tRNA?
tRNA reads the message from mRNA, gathers the correct amino acids, and transports them back to the ribosome.
400
The first mRNA codon is called the _____ codon and the last mRNA codon is called the _____ codon.
start-AUG
stop
400
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait/protein
Gene
400
This would happen if the mRNA was mutated during transcription
The wrong amino acid may be placed which could change the shape, thus the function of the protein or the protein may not be made at all.
500
The purpose of mRNA is to carry the protein building instructions from __1__ in the ___2_ to the __3__ located in the ___4____.
1. DNA
2.Nucleus
3.Ribosome
4. Cytoplasm
500
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process of forming a strand of RNA from a DNA template.
500
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
anticodon
600
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
600
What is the Central Dogma?
Dna is transcribed into RNA which is translated into a protein
600
Bonds that connect amino acids.
peptide bonds
700
Transcribe and translate the following DNA strand:
TTCTACTGGCCCACT
AAGAUGACCGGGUGA
MET-THR-GLY-Stop
700
What is the molecule called that is notated with a red 1?
mRNA
700
What is located at #2?
anticodon
800
Why does transcription have to take place? BE THOROUGH IN YOUR ANSWER
Ribosomes, which make proteins, are found in the cytoplasm & rough ER. DNA is found in nucleus and has instructions for making proteins but it can't leave the nucleus so we have to turn it into mRNA first, because mRNA can leave the nucleus.
800
These are the steps of translation
1. mRNA attaches to ribosome, which begins reading 3 bases at a time starting with AUG.
2. tRNA brings amino acid based on the codon.
3. Once amino acids are attached with peptide bonds, tRNA will detach and leave to go get more amino acids.
4. Process continues until polypeptide is complete.
800
____ are edited out of mRNA after transcription, and ____ are left, which will be expressed
Introns; exons