Psychological Perspectives
This approach focuses on observable behaviors and how behaviors are learned through conditioning, reinforcement, and punishment.
What is Behaviorism?
You hear about three shark attacks on the news and suddenly believe shark attacks are extremely common.
What is Availability bias?
A researcher sends 2,000 students a questionnaire asking about their study habits.
What is a Survey?
A researcher predicts that students who get more sleep will score higher on a memory test. This prediction is called this.
What is a Hypothesis?
Researchers want their participants to accurately represent the larger population they are studying.
What is a Representative sample?
This approach emphasizes unconscious conflicts, early childhood experiences, and hidden motives.
What is Psychoanalysis?
A salesperson tells you a car originally cost $50,000. Even though the car is now $35,000, the first price strongly influences how you judge the deal.
What is Anchoring bias?
A psychologist spends several months studying one person with an unusual memory ability.
What is a Case study?
In an experiment, the researcher changes the amount of sleep participants receive. The amount of sleep is the _____ variable.
What is the Independent variable?
Participants are placed into experimental groups by chance rather than allowing them to choose which group they join.
What is Random assignment?
A psychologist using this approach would focus on thoughts, memory, perception, problem-solving, and other mental processes.
What is the Cognitive approach?
You believe a political candidate is excellent, so you only look for information that supports your opinion and ignore information that contradicts it.
What is Confirmation bias?
Researchers study the same group of teenagers every year from age 13 to age 18.
What is a Longitudinal study?
In the same experiment, the researcher measures participants' scores on a memory test. The memory test score is the _____ variable.
What is the Dependent variable?
In an experiment testing a new study technique, the students who receive the new technique are part of this group.
What is the Experimental group?
A psychologist using this approach might believe that people have free will and are motivated to grow, develop, and reach their potential.
What is the Humanistic approach?
fter an event happens, you think, "I knew that was going to happen," even though you had not predicted it beforehand.
What is Hindsight bias?
Researchers compare the attitudes of 12-year-olds, 16-year-olds, and 20-year-olds at the same point in time.
What is a Cross-sectional study?
Researchers give one group an actual medication and another group an inactive pill that looks identical to the medication.
What is a Placebo?
A researcher believes a new therapy works. Without realizing it, she gives more encouragement to participants receiving the new therapy. This could introduce this problem into the study.
What is Bias?
student says, "I keep thinking I'm going to fail, so I don't even try." Which psychological approach would be MOST interested in examining the student's thoughts and beliefs?
What is the Cognitive approach?
A person believes they are much better at recognizing bias than everyone else and fails to recognize their own biases.
What is Blind spot bias?
A researcher wants to understand one student's rare ability to remember hundreds of digits of pi. Which research method would allow the researcher to conduct an in-depth investigation of this individual?
What is a Case study?
Neither the participants nor the researchers interacting with them know who received the real medication and who received the placebo. This helps prevent expectations from influencing the results.
What is a Double-blind study?
Scientists conduct the same experiment again to determine whether the original findings can be reproduced.
What is Replication?