Skeleton Basics
The term “skeleton” derives from Greek and Latin roots with this meaning
"Dried Framework" or "Dried Up"
Mature bone cells reside in these small cavities within the matrix.
What are lacunae?
Bones of the wrist and ankle belong to this shape category.
What are short bones?
When blood calcium falls, this hormone increases osteoclast activity and renal calcium reabsorption.
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
This continuous process balances bone resorption with bone deposition throughout life.
What is remodeling?
Bones serve as the body’s primary reservoir for this inorganic ion, which is essential for muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting. what is the salt this ion makes up?
What is calcium & calcium phosphate?
The concentric rings of matrix that surround a central canal in compact bone.
What are lamellae?
The expanded ends of a long bone that articulate with neighboring bones.
What are epiphyses?
This disorder is characterized by bone resorption exceeding bone formation, resulting in reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk.
What is osteoporosis?
This principle states that bone architecture adapts to the mechanical loads placed upon it.
What is Wolff’s law?
Each individual bone is classified as this level of structural organization because it contains multiple tissue types.
What is an organ?
These cylindrical units are the fundamental structural and functional units of compact bone.
What are osteons?
This dense connective-tissue membrane covers the internal surface of a bone.
What is the endosteum?
These multinucleated cells are primarily responsible for bone resorption during remodeling and calcium release.
What are osteoclasts?
Most bones of the skeleton form by replacing a hyaline-cartilage model through this process.
What is endochondral ossification?
Beyond support and protection, bones perform this mechanical role with the muscular system.
What is movement?
Nutrients and waste products reach osteocytes through these microscopic channels that radiate outward from the central canal.
what are canaliculi?
The hollow central space within the diaphysis. What is it called and what does it primarily contain?
What is the medullary cavity? What is yellow marrow?
What is the function of calcitonin?
What is inhibits osteoclasts and promotes calcium deposition in bone.
As long as this cartilaginous structure remains active between the diaphysis and epiphysis, a long bone can continue to lengthen.
What is the epiphyseal plate?
This specific process occurs primarily in red marrow. What is it and where did it occur in first?
What is hematopoiesis? Yolk sac> liver and spleen > red marrow.
This material resists tension (or tensile/pulling forces), while Ca3(PO4)2 crystals resist compression.
What are collagen fibers?
Spongy bone reduces weight while still providing strength through this network of branching bony plates.
What are trabeculae?
A decline in this hormone in older patients removes an important inhibitory influence on osteoclasts, increasing osteoporosis risk.
What is estrogen?
Name, in correct order, the four sequential stages by which a fractured bone is repaired and restored to its original architecture.
What are hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and remodeling?