The Civil War
Compare the North and the South during the Civil War.
North: more railroads, telegraph lines, factories, soldiers, not great generals until later, Native Americans
South: good generals, less railroad, telegraph lines, factories, soldiers, Native Americans, fighting defensive war
What is the Compromise of 1877?
Made Hayes president and ended Reconstruction
What caused the creation of Boomtowns?
Promise of gold and other precious metals
What is the Gilded Age and who coined the term?
Mark Twain, ironic term referring to the true Golden Ages of history compared to the time he lived through then where the wealthy became wealthier from the very poor
What did the 16th and 17th amendment do?
16th - Taxed income at a progressive rate
17th - Provided for the direct elections of senators.
Describe the Gettysburg Address.
Speech given by Abraham Lincoln to remember the mass casualties caused by the increase in weapon technology and exposure of said casualities that had been photographed extensively
Name all three Reconstruction amendments and what they did.
13th - banned enslavement
14th - all persons born in the U.S. and naturalized are citizens and protected by the Constitution
15th - anyone can vote regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Treaty between Mexico and the United States that gave large swaths of Mexican territory to the U.S., and promised that any Mexican citizens residing in the new U.S. territories could keep their land and be made citizens.
What is the difference between a monopoly and trust?
Monopoly - The exclusive possession or control of supply or trade in a service or good
Trust - Method where one company grants control of its operations, through ownership of its stock, to another company
What was the goal of the Temperance Movement and its end result?
To promote abstaining from alcohol, eventually led to the passage of the 18th amendment.
What caused the Civil War to end?
General Ulysses S. Grant and General Sherman engaged in total and hard war, destroyed railroads in the South, took no prisoners, mass casualties
Describe the issues between Radical Republicans and Andrew Johnson.
Andrew Johnson and Radical Republicans could not agree on how to deal with the South following the Civil War. Andrew Johnson was willing to go easy on them and Radical Republicans wanted to punish them.
What is the Homestead Act?
160 acres to any American who improved and lived on the land for 5 years.
Name two Titans of Industry and their actions.
Henry Ford - Inventor of a cheap, affordable automobile, created the assembly line, used vertical integration
John D. Rockefeller - Creator of the Standard Oil Company, practiced vertical and horizontal integration to gain control of 95% of oil refining capacity by 1880s
Cornelius Vanderbilt - Built wealth through control of railroads and shipping
J. Pierpont Morgan - Most powerful banker in the U.S. - helped the country during times of financial crisis as the U.S. did not have a central bank, organized U.S. Steel - country’s first billion dollar company, controlled many railroads and other industry through stock - horizontal
Andrew Carnegie - Invested in new method to create steel invented by Henry Bessemer, rose in the steel industry - at height produced more steel than all of Great Britain, used vertical integration
Name two reformers and their actions.
-Jacob Riis
-Lewis Hine
-Thomas Nast
-Upton Sinclair
-Jane Addams
What were some effects of the Emancipation Proclamation?
1) Enslaved people in rebelling states freed
2) Changed aim of Civil War to Unionize states and end enslavement
3) Stopped Britain from recognizing the South as sovereign
4) Cotton Empire fall in South
What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
- Divided South into 5 military districts each under command of a U.S. general
-To reenter Union, Southern states had to grant right to vote to freedmen and deny it to ex-Confederates
-Generals had to ensure new state constitutions guaranteed suffrage for African Americans
-Would readmit state to Union once all conditions met and new state legislature ratified the 14th Amendment
What is the Dawes Act and what were its effects?
Broke Native American communal land rights into individual land rights, sold surplus land to white settlers, Native people lost large swaths of land
Describe the impact of Nativism
- Chinese Exclusion Act
- Race riots
- Social Darwinism
Describe the differences between the NAWSA and NWP.
NAWSA - state-by-state campaigns, sought an amendment, peaceful protests
NWP - more radical protests, endured jail time and force feedings
Abraham Lincoln was part of what movement previous to the Civil War and what did this movement advocate for?
Free Soil Movement?
What did the Freedman's Bureau do?
-1865 established to help newly freed and displaced Black Americans
-Reunited families separated during the enslavement years
-Legalized marriages between African Americans
-Established schools for Black children
-Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company
Describe the Carlisle Boarding Schools.
Richard Henry Pratt created the idea of the schools
Attempt to assimilate Native American children to Christianty and white American culture
Receive academic training in morning and industrial training in afternoon
“Kill the Indian, save the man” - many look to this time in history as cultural genocide
Hundreds of children died in these schools from disease and abuse
Describe the effects of eugenics
- Mass sterilizations
- Immigration restriction
- Racism and nativism
Who is Carry Nation?
Woman part of the Temperance Movement known for violent and direct attacks against saloons, known for her small hatchet.