Renaissance
Why did the Renaissance begin in the Italian city-states?
The Renaissance began in the city-states of Italy because geographically, Italy is located in the center of the Mediterranean Sea.
Which famous Italian created the sculpture of The David and painted the ceiling of The Sistine Chapel?
Michelangelo
Martin Luther and John Calvin were leaders of the..
Protestant Reformation.
Why was Luther excommunicated from the Catholic church?
Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic church because he refused to ‘recant’ his views on ‘indulgences’.
Who was the first explorer to Reach Calicut, India?
Ferdinand Magellan
Why did European nations begin searching for alternative trade routes to the East?
Overland routes were politically unstable and expensive.
What is the term for the belief that the sun is the center of the universe?
Heliocentric
Which term below best fits the following definition? "This philosophy stresses the potential value and goodness of human beings." (Patriotism, Humanism, Theism, Pathos, Christianity)
Humanism
Which famous Italian wrote The Prince, a book describing how to rule in an age of ruthless power politics?
Niccolò Machiavelli
What was the primary purpose of the sale of indulgences during the Renaissance period?
to finance Church projects and keep up the lavish lifestyle of the popes.
How did the Peace of Augsburg between Charles V (The Holy Roman Emperor) and the princes of Europe affect the balance of power?
It was an agreement allowing princes to choose the religion in their lands.
Which of the following famous men of the Age of Exploration was NOT a famous sea captain or explorer?
Prince Henry the Navigator
What was the core idea behind Christopher Columbus's plan to reach Asia?
Sailing westward to reach the East (Asia)
Which of the following statements best describes the conflict between Galileo's observations and Christian teachings?
Galileo's observations contradicted the Christian belief that the heavens were in a fixed position, and to his trial by the Inquisitors, and house arrest.
Which of the following definitions best describes a "patron"?
...one who provides financial support for an artist and the arts.
Which Italian city-state is well known for the metal work and 'suits' of armor created there?
Milan
John Calvin set up a Theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland. What is a ‘theocracy’?
..a government run by church leaders.
The 16th century ‘reform’ which divided Christians into Protestants and Catholics is known as the?
The Protestant Reformation
To sail completely around the world is to _________ it.
Circumnavigate
What is the Columbian Exchange, as described in the text?
A cultural and economic exchange of goods, ideas, and crops between the Old and New Worlds
Which of the following best describes the step-by-step process of discovery in the Scientific Method?
A systematic process involving observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion.
Which famous Italian scientist and inventor is best known for painting The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper?
Leonardo Da Vinci
Which Italian city-state is well known for the famous Medici family?
Florence
Luther developed __________ that was a list of questions and arguments for debate.
95 Theses
Which definition best suits the term 'recant'?
to admit that one no longer holds an opinion or belief, especially one considered heretical.
What is the primary focus of the "Age of Exploration" was to…?
participate in maritime adventures and global discoveries
What was one major impact of the voyages during the Age of Exploration?
They inspired a scientific revolution and refined navigational techniques.
What was the branch of science now known as chemistry called in medieval times?
Alchemy
Which famous Italian painted The School of Athens and portrayed the Madonna and characters from the Bible in realistic ways?
Raphael
Which Italian city-state has a throne that has become known as the "Holy See" and was controlled by the Pope?
Rome
What, for Luther, was the final outrage by the Catholic Church?
…The idea of offering indulgences for all deceased family members (to get into heaven quickly) and thus to immorally generate a huge amount of money to rebuild a Cathedral in Rome.
Define the term ‘indulgences’ as it relates to the Catholic church of the Reformation period.
Indulgences were a payment one could make to shorten time in Purgatory, after death.
What major invention during the 15th century helped spread knowledge and encourage intellectual curiosity?
The printing press
How did the Age of Exploration impact the world, according to the text?
It pushed the boundaries of knowledge and connected distant civilizations.
Which scientist discovered that a single force, known as gravity, keeps the planets in orbit around the sun?
Isaac Newton