Early Civilizations
What river valley civilization is known for advanced urban planning and sewage systems?
The Indus River Valley Civilization.
What two goods made Ghana wealthy through trade?
Gold and salt.
What Enlightenment thinker promoted life, liberty, and property?
John Locke.
What event triggered the start of World War I?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
Faith, prayer, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
How did the geography of the Nile River benefit Egyptian farmers?
Its predictable flooding allowed for more reliable agriculture.
Who was Mansa Musa and what was the impact of his pilgrimage?
He was the ruler of Mali; his pilgrimage spread Islamic culture and showcased Mali’s wealth.
What Enlightenment idea did Voltaire promote?
Civil liberties, especially freedom of speech and religion.
What were the characteristics of trench warfare?
Stalemates, high casualties, and harsh living conditions.
What do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have in common?
They are monotheistic and trace lineage to Abraham.
What was the Mandate of Heaven in ancient China?
A belief that emperors ruled with divine approval based on virtue.
How did the Silk Road influence cultural exchange?
It spread goods, religions, and ideas between East and West.
Why did the 3rd Estate play a key role in the French Revolution?
They faced inequality and demanded political representation.
What new military technologies made WWI deadlier?
Machine guns, poison gas, and tanks.
How do the three Abrahamic religions differ?
They differ in prophets, scriptures, and beliefs about salvation.
What did Confucius believe was the foundation of a stable society?
Filial piety, moral conduct, and social harmony.
What was the outcome of the Berlin Conference for Africa?
European powers divided Africa without African input, leading to long-term issues.
What were the shared grievances of the French and American revolutions?
High taxes and lack of political representation.
What were the major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany lost territory, paid reparations, and faced military restrictions.
What was the geocentric view of the universe?
The belief that Earth was the center of the universe.
What are the core beliefs of Hinduism regarding life and rebirth?
Dharma, karma, and reincarnation with the goal of achieving moksha.
How did the Indian Ocean trade network foster diasporic communities?
It connected diverse regions, spreading cultures, religions, and languages.
How did the Enlightenment challenge traditional authority?
It encouraged reason, scientific inquiry, and skepticism of monarchies and the Church.
How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the rise of fascism?
It created resentment in Germany that fascists exploited.
How did Copernicus challenge the geocentric model?
He proposed a heliocentric model with the Sun at the center.