General Biology
What is the function of a lysosome?
Breaks down waste and old parts of the cell
Which group of organisms include yeast and mold?
Fungi
A neutral carbon-12 atom has an atomic number of 6. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?
6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons
Which anatomical plane vertically divides the body into anterior and posterior?
Frontal Plane
What gland is known as the master gland because it controls many other endocrine glands?
The pituitary gland
What is mitosis?
When one cell divides and makes two identical cells
What term describes spherical bacteria arranged in grape-like clustes?
Staphylococci
What is an isotope, and what makes isotopes of the same element different?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
What are the 4 primary tissue types?
Epithelial, Connective, muscle, and nervous
What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What organelle allows photosynthesis to occur in plants?
Chloroplast
What color do Gram-positive bacteria appear after Gram stain?
Purple
What is an ion, and what happens to an atom’s charge when it loses electrons?
An ion is an atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge. When an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged (a cation)
What are the layers of the Epidermis in thick skin, ordered from deep to superficial?
Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum
What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?
To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What type of bond connects amino acids to form proteins?
Peptide bonds
What is the main difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons and attraction between oppositely charged ions, while covalent bonding involves sharing electrons.
Through which opening in the diaphysis of a long bone do nerve fibers and blood vessels enter?
Nutrient foramen
What part of the nephron is primarily responsible for filtering blood to form filtrate?
The glomerulus
What is the difference between tRNA and mRNA?
mRNA carries instructions from DNA, while tRNA brings amino acids to help make proteins
What does TNTC mean when describing colonies on a microbiology culture plate?
Too numerous to count
Balance the following chemical equation using the smallest whole-number coefficients:
Al + O₂ → Al₂O₃
4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃
Which bone does not form a suture with adjacent skull bones?
Mandible
When blood calcium levels drop below normal, what hormone is released to increase blood calcium levels?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)