diagnosis and etiology
common cause of pneumonia in neonates
what is group B strep
Narrowing of the tracheal air column seen on anterior neck x-ray
What is the "steeple sign?"
Medication whose effects typically last less than 2 hours
What is nebulized racemic epinephrine?
Lasts less than 15 minutes
38°C (100.4°F)
Occurs once in a 24-hour period
what is simple febrile seizure ?
list the types of cyanotic congenital heart defect
what is 1.truncus arteriosus 2. transposition of great arteries 3. tricuspid Atresia 4. tet of fallot 5. total anomalous venous pulmonary return
In ancient times, up to the early 20th century, croup was referred to as this infection
What is diptheria?
Symptoms frequently start abruptly in the middle of the night
What is spasmodic croup?
pediatric dose for midazolam IM
Midazolam IM 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg
Standardized scoring system used for assessing croup severity
What is the Westley Croup Score?
5 Causes of Seizures (C.Slovis)
Vital Signs Abnormalities
Toxic/Metabolic
Infectious
Structural
Epilepsy
Acute laryngotracheitis
What is the most common form of croup?
30 minute duration of seizures or two or more sequential seizures without full recovery of consciousness between seizures
what is status epilepticus ?
usually used first in neonatal status epilepticus
what is phenobarbital
Inadequate oxygenation or ventilation
Inability to maintain and/or protect the airway
Potential for clinical deterioration
Prolonged patient transport or diagnostic studies
what are criteria's for intubation
list types of seizures
what is general and partial
Most common cause of viral croup, usually occurs in the late fall and winter
What are the Parainfluenza viruses?
Hyperpnea
Worsening cyanosis
Disappearance of murmur
RBBB pattern on ECG
what is a TET spell present in tetralogy the Fallot?
Clinical improvement doesn't usually begin until about 6 hours after administration
What are oral steroids?
Failure to thrive
Squatting
Lack of energy
Infections
Polycythemia
Clubbing of fingers
Cerebral absess
Cardiomegaly
signs and symptoms of tetralogy of fallot
list treatment used in congestive heart failure
what is
Digitalis – increases contractility and decreases heart rate.
ACE-inhibitors - arterial vasodilator / afterload reducing agent
Diuretics - enhance renal secretion of sodium and water by reducing circulating blood volume and decreasing preload.
Beta Blocker - increases contractility
common causes of pneumonia in 5-18 year old
what is Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
restricts the flow of blood so the heart hypertrophies to work harder to force blood through the narrowed structures. The hypertrophied muscle becomes ineffective
what is Obstructive congenital defects of the heart?
what is the dose for phenytoin and its half life
what is 20mg /kg
half life 10- 12 hours
⇧ B/P in upper extremities
⇩B/P in lower extremities
Radial pulses full/bounding and femoral or popliteal pulses weak or absent
Leg pains, fatigue
Nose bleeds
What are signs and symptoms of coarctation of the aorta ?
list some a-cyanotic heart defects
RV SHUNT LESIONS (ASD,VSD, ATRIO-VENTRICULAR DEFECT, PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS) & obstructive lesions (aortic stenosis ,pulmonary valve stenosis and coarctation of the aorta)