Diabetes
Where is insulin normally produced?
What is beta cell in pancreas
A normal A1C level is below ____, a level of ____ to ____ indicates prediabetes, and a level of ____ indicates diabetes
What is:
5.6%
5.7%-6.4%
6.5% or higher
When providing education about diet to your patient with Cirrhosis, what type of diet should they follow at home?
What is Low Na+
TSH, Serum free T4
What are the lab values most commonly used to monitor thyroid function
Maintains ECF volume (through reabsorption of Na+ and excretes K+ and H+)
What is the function of aldosterone?
Age of onset can appear at any age, but but tends to appear at two noticeable peaks: 4-7 years old and 10-14 years old
What is Diabetes type 1
Ethnic populations with the highest prevalence of Diabetes type 2
What are Native Americans (14.9%) and African Americans (12.7%)
What is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the US?
What is Chronic Hep C infection and alcohol-induced liver disease
What lab value must be monitored when a patient is on Methimazole?
What is Free triiodothyronine (T3)
Which laboratory finding is consistent with Addison’s Disease
What is decreased cortisol
Overweight or obesity, increased age, family hx of DM2 are risk factors for which type of diabetes?
What is Diabetes type 2
An acute complication most commonly associated with Diabetes type 1
What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Increased levels of ammonia and other toxins, causing cognitive dysfunction
What is hepatic encephalopathy
Saturated solution of potassium iodine (SSKI) used for what disease process?
What is Hyperthyroidism
A clinical condition resulting from chronic exposure to excess corticosteroids
What is Cushing's Syndrome
Microvascular and Macrovascular complications:
MI, Stroke, Kidney Disease, Retinopathy, Peripheral Neuropathy
What are long term complications of Diabetes
Inadequate insulin secretion and insulin resistance
What are the causes of Diabetes type 2
What medication should the nurse expect to administer if a patient with cirrhosis has new onset confusion and their ammonia level is 800 mcg/dL?
What is Lactulose
HTN, tachycardia, palpitations, increased appetite, fatigue, nervousness/anxiety/insomnia, menstrual irregularities, hair loss, exophthalmos
What are clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism
Are Cushing disease and primary hyperaldosteronism more common in men or women?
Women
Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia,
Weight loss may occur, increased frequency of infection
What are clinical manifestations of Type 1 Diabetes
Humalog and Novalog are what type of insulin?
What is short acting insulin
What assessment and diagnostic findings can you expect in a patient with end-stage liver disease?
What is Jaundiced, Ascites, Decreased platelet count, Prolonged clotting times, Decreased albumin level
Tired/lethargic, impaired memory/slow speech, depression, weight gain, decreased cardiac output, cold intolerance, myxedema
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism
Clinical manifestations of Cushing Syndrome
What is weight gain, moon face, buffalo hump, hyperglycemia, delay in wound healing