A+P Basics
Which gland is considered the "master gland" of the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
Cold intolerance, weight gain, and slow speech are signs of what?
Hypothyroidism
Bronze skin, low BP, and salt cravings point to which condition?
Addison’s disease
Excessive thirst, urination, and hunger are called…
The 3 Ps (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia)
Fruity breath and rapid deep breathing indicate which emergency?
DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis)
Which hormone raises blood glucose by stimulating the liver?
Glucagon
Heat intolerance, tremors, and weight loss indicate what disorder?
Hyperthyroidism (Graves’)
Moon face, central weight gain, and purple stretch marks indicate…
Cushing’s syndrome
Which type of diabetes requires lifelong insulin?
Type 1 diabetes
Which condition causes extremely high glucose, severe dehydration, and no ketones?
HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State)
Which hormone lowers blood glucose by allowing cells to take in glucose?
Insulin
This disorder presents with an enlarged thyroid gland.
Goitre (can occur in hypo or hyperthyroidism)
What hormone is deficient in Addison’s disease?
Cortisol (and often aldosterone)
What A1C value suggests poor long-term glucose control?
> 7% (varies by guideline, but >7% commonly)
Severe tachycardia, high fever, and agitation in hyperthyroidism may indicate…
Thyroid storm
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
Regulate metabolism and energy balance
Which medication is standard treatment for hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Long-term steroid use can cause which endocrine disorder?
Cushing’s syndrome
Which oral medication can cause hypoglycemia if meals are skipped?
Sulfonylureas (e.g., glipizide)
What is the immediate treatment priority for suspected DKA?
IV fluids
Which electrolyte must be closely monitored in adrenal disorders?
Potassium (can rise dangerously in Addison’s) erthyroidism / Graves’ disease
Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) is associated with which thyroid condition?
Hyperthyroidism / Graves’ disease
Suddenly stopping steroids can trigger what life-threatening condition?
Addisonian crisis
What complication causes burning, tingling, and loss of sensation in feet?
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Vomiting, severe hypotension, and shock in a patient with Addison’s disease may indicate…
Addisonian crisis