Osteoporosis
A bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. Bone loss outpaces the growth of new bone; bones become porous, brittle and becomes prone to fracture.
What is osteoporosis?
Time during your body’s natural transition to menopause. Marks the end of reproductive years
What is perimenopausal?
Important in maintaining calcium levels in bones. It inhibits differentiation of osteoclasts, which prevents them from continuing to grow.
What is estrogen?
Little Johnny took a fall down a stair and fractured his ulna. Doctors have determined this fall to be minor.
He probably has osteoporosis
Some of our bone cells begin to dissolve bone matrix, while new bone cells deposit osteoids. Normal or abnormal?
What are normal bones!
The thigh bone (femur) at the hip, the vertebrae of the spine, and the wrist.
What are common sites of fractures?
Ovaries age and release fewer hormones, and FSH and LH can no longer perform their usual functions to regulate your estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.
What is menopause?
Lowers estrogen levels in both women and men, which bones require to retain calcium and other minerals.
What is smoking?
Maria was skateboarding and flew off a three foot tall ledge, fracturing her tibia. After healing, she was skateboarding again when she ran into a pillar and fractured her clavicle.
She probably does not have osteoporosis, these are major accidents that would likely have an effect on her bone health.
Begins to happen in women over 40 years old.
What is menopause?
First symptom
What is a fracture?
Intended to treat menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and vaginal discomfort. Also will benefit those who have lost bone mass and are not benefiting from other treatments. Also beneficial for women who have premature menopause (stopped periods before 40) or premature ovarian insufficiency (abnormal function of ovaries before 40).
Who is hormone replacement therapy used for?
Causes women produce less estrogen and to enter menopause earlier, leading to a faster rate of bone loss earlier in life and higher risk of osteoporosis later on.
Who are women who smoke?
Suzy has irregular periods, cramping, and vaginal dryness. She is a heavy smoker and is 25 years old. Should she get HRT?
No, however she should see a gynecologist to ensure she is healthy.
Someone who has a history of breast cancer, ovarian cancer or womb cancer, blood clots, untreated high blood pressure, liver disease, or is pregnant. Is HRT viable or not viable?
What is not viable?
Reduces bone resorption and preserves bone mineral density (BMD).
What is anti-resorptive agent medications?
Helps with vaginal dryness, prevents osteoporosis and reduces the risk of fractures. Protects against bone loss that can lead to hip and spine fractures. Reducing the risk of colon cancer and relieves hot flashes, especially at night.
What are the benefits of HRT?
When osteoclasts break down bone tissue to release calcium into the blood.
What is bone resorption?
45 year old woman who complains of getting very hot throughout the day. She also recently had a fracture in her wrist followed by another one on her radius. Should she get HRT?
Yes, those are viable symptoms for someone to get HRT because hot flashes and fractures lead to signs she should obtain treatment.
Alendronate
Risedronate
Ibandronate (Boniva)
Zoledronic acid
What are other treatments other than HRT?
Stimulates bone formation, thereby increasing bone mineral density (BMD); reduces risk of fracture
What are anabolic agent medications?
Breast cancer, deep vein thrombosis, gallbladder problems, heart attack, and stroke.
What are the cons of HRT?
Estrogen and progesterone.
What are the two key hormones that control the reproductive system?
40 Year old woman who fractured her wrist a couple of months ago, but has not had a bone problem since. She has been low energy and frequently experiences cramping when her doctor tells her she is experiencing perimenopausal symptoms. Should She get HRT?
What is maybe, she seems to be a viable candidate, however further testing should be performed to check her bone mass. Her symptoms should also be monitored over time and obtain a full family history to check for any cancers.
40 year old woman with history of breast cancer, high blood pressure, and two fractures. She has menopausal symptoms and has not been to seek treatment. Should she get HRT?
What is no? Her history of different diseases puts her at a large risk for developing new diseases. She should go talk to her doctor to seek other possible treatments.