Hormone Levels
A hormone whose levels continue to rise throughout pregnancy by up to 30x
What is Oestrogen?
A circulatory measurement that increases by 30%, mostly in the latter half of pregnancy
What is blood volume?
Hormones that are initially secreted by the corpus luteum and then by the placenta
What are Oestrogen & Progesterone?
A hormone whose levels peak at 10-12 weeks into pregnancy then plateau by 16-20 weeks
What is Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
A side effect in pregnancy that is reported by 70-80% of women, peaks in weeks 9-16 of gestation and usually (90% of the time) resolves by week 22
What is nausea and vomiting?
A hormone that reduces maternal insulin sensitivity and is not produced until the 5th week of pregnancy
What is Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
A hormone whose levels continue to rise throughout pregnancy by up to 10x, but dips in the last stages of pregnancy
What is Progesterone?
A molecule formed in RBCs that increases by 30% in pregnancy promoting oxygen release from the maternal haemoglobin
What is 2,3-d(b)pg?
To maintain the corpus luteum, increase its size and its ability to secrete oestrogen and progesterone as well as develop the testis in males fetuses
What are the functions of hCG?
A hormone whose levels increase in direct proportion to fetal/ placental growth
What is Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
A type of measurement that increases by 50% during pregnancy and is composed of:
Respiratory rate; that remains unchanged during pregnancy
and
Tidal volume: that increases by 30% during pregnancy
What is minute ventilation?
A hormone used to detect if the placenta, fetal adrenal glands and fetal liver are all healthy. As these three organs are essential in its formation
What is Estriol (E3)?
A non major hormone whose levels peak in the first trimester then decline, similar to that of hCG
What is Relaxin?
A bodily response to progesterone in pregnancy that causes MAP to drop in despite an increase in CO and blood volume
What is profound vasodilation?
A multi-nucleated cell layer that secretes hCG, oestrogen, progesterone and hPL
What is a Syncytiotrophoblast?