Hyponatremia
This is the first lab you check to confirm true hyponatremia vs pseudohyponatremia.
What is serum osmolality?
This is the most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients.
What is prerenal azotemia?
First-line bronchodilator therapy for acute COPD exacerbation.
What are short-acting beta-agonists (e.g., albuterol)?
First-line treatment for volume overload in CHF exacerbation.
What are IV loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)?
This EKG finding shows an irregularly irregular rhythm without identifiable P waves.
What is atrial fibrillation?
The maximum recommended rate of sodium correction in chronic hyponatremia to prevent ODS.
What is no more than 8 mEq/L in 24 hours?
In septic patients with AKI, this is the most important initial management step.
What is IV fluid resuscitation?
This oxygen saturation target is recommended in COPD to avoid CO₂ retention.
What is 88–92%?
This lab is used to help diagnose heart failure exacerbation.
What is BNP (or NT-proBNP)?
ST elevations in leads II, III, and aVF with reciprocal depressions in I and aVL suggest this diagnosis and vascular territory.
What is an inferior STEMI (RCA involvement)?
This is the treatment for severe symptomatic hyponatremia (e.g., seizures).
What is 3% hypertonic saline? ONLY ON ICU FLOOR
In a patient with AKI and rising creatinine, these class of medications (3) should be held to prevent worsening kidney injury.
What are nephrotoxic medications (e.g., NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, IV contrast)?
These are indicated if COPD exacerbation includes increased sputum purulence.
What are antibiotics? Azithromycin (anti-inflammatory properties)
This electrolyte abnormality must be monitored closely with aggressive diuresis.
What is hypokalemia?
A patient develops chest pain, and EKG shows diffuse ST elevations with PR depression. This is the most likely diagnosis.
What is acute pericarditis?
A urine sodium <20 mEq/L suggests this cause of hyponatremia.
What is hypovolemia (e.g., dehydration or GI losses)?
A patient with AKI has urine sodium of 45 mEq/L, FeNa >2%, and muddy brown casts on microscopy. This is the most likely diagnosis.
What is acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
These are indicated if COPD exacerbation includes increased sputum purulence.
What are antibiotics? (Azithromycin has anti-inflammatory)
These medications (4) should be continued in stable CHF patients unless contraindicated.
What is: beta-blockers, ACEi/ARB, SGLT2i and MRA?
This rhythm shows a regular wide-complex tachycardia at 180 bpm and should be assumed to be this until proven otherwise in adults.
What is ventricular tachycardia?
This condition presents with euvolemic hyponatremia and urine osmolality >100 mOsm/kg.
What is SIADH?
This indication in AKI represents an absolute need for urgent renal replacement therapy.
What is refractory hyperkalemia, severe acidosis, uremic complications, or volume overload (AEIOU indications)?
This ventilatory support is preferred before intubation in hypercapnic respiratory failure.
What is BiPAP (noninvasive ventilation)?
This advanced therapy is considered in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock.
What is inotropes (e.g., dobutamine)?
A patient with syncope has an EKG showing progressively lengthening PR interval followed by a dropped QRS complex.
What is Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach)?