Pathology
This type of hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for the positive tuberculin skin test
Type IV hypersensitivity
This antibiotic class inhibits the 30S ribosomal subunit and permanently causes tooth discoloration in children
Tetracyclines
A patient with emphysema has destruction of alveolar walls leading to loss of elastic recoil.
Which pulmonary function finding is most likely increased?
Residual volume
A young woman presents with dysuria and urinary frequency. Urine culture grows a gram-negative lactose-fermenting rod.
Which organism is most likely?
Escherichia coli
Is this a drug or a Pokemon?
Xanax
Generic Name: Alprazolam.
Class: Benzodiazepine. Used for anxiety and panic disorders.
This inclusion body composed of misfolded tau protein is classically found in Alzheimer disease
Neurofibrillary tangles
This antidiabetic drug activates PPAR-gamma but may worsen heart failure
Pioglitazone
A healthy student suddenly stands after prolonged sitting and briefly feels dizzy before recovery.
Which reflex restored his blood pressure?
Baroreceptor reflex
A child develops honey-colored crusted skin lesions around the mouth.
Which organism is the most likely cause?
Staphylococcus aureus
Is this a drug or a Pokemon?
Vraylar
Drug.
Generic: Cariprazine.
Class: Atypical antipsychotic.
Used for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
This autosomal dominant disorder presents with berry aneurysms, hepatic cysts, and enlarged kidneys
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
This immunosuppressive drug inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and commonly causes GI upset
mycophenolate mofetil
A patient with severe anxiety breathes rapidly and develops tingling in the fingers.
What acid-base disturbance is most likely present?
Respiratory alkalosis
An AIDS patient develops multiple ring-enhancing brain lesions with seizures. Biopsy reveals protozoal cysts.
Which organism is responsible?
Toxoplasma gondii
Is this a drug or a Pokemon?
Luxray
Pokemon.
Type: Electric.
Generation 4.
Evolves from Luxio.
A 26-year-old woman presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory studies reveal:
• Hb: 9.2 g/dL
• MCV: 69 fL
• Ferritin: low
• TIBC: high
Peripheral smear demonstrates hypochromic microcytic RBCs with pencil cells.
Which pathologic change is most likely occurring in the bone marrow?
Increased erythroid precursors with decreased iron stores
A 63-year-old man with stable angina is prescribed nitroglycerin. Shortly after taking the medication, he develops headache and facial flushing.
Nitroglycerin primarily exerts its antianginal effect through which mechanism?
Venodilation leading to decreased preload
A marathon runner develops increased oxygen demand in skeletal muscles during exercise. Increased CO₂, H⁺, and temperature shift the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.
What is the physiologic advantage of this change?
Increased oxygen unloading in tissues
An AIDS patient develops progressive neurologic deficits and visual disturbances. MRI reveals multifocal areas of demyelination without mass effect. CSF PCR is positive for a polyomavirus.
Which organism is responsible?
JC Virus
Is this a drug or a Pokemon?
Nerlynx
Drug.
Generic: Neratinib.
Class: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Used for HER2-positive breast cancer.
A 58-year-old chronic smoker presents with persistent cough and weight loss. Bronchial biopsy reveals malignant cells forming keratin pearls and intercellular bridges.
Which diagnosis is most likely?
Squamous cell carcinoma
A hospitalized patient receiving gentamicin for severe gram-negative sepsis develops difficulty hearing and worsening renal function after several days of therapy.
Which cellular mechanism most likely explains this drug toxicity?
Free radical–mediated damage to renal tubular cells
A 68-year-old man with long-standing hypertension develops left ventricular hypertrophy. Echocardiography shows impaired ventricular relaxation with preserved ejection fraction.
Which change is most likely present in this patient?
Decreased ventricular compliance
A patient treated with prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotics develops pseudomembranous colitis.
Which toxin mechanism causes disease?
Inactivation of Rho GTPases
Is this a drug or a Pokemon?
Fezandipiti
Pokemon.
Type: Fairy/Poison.
Generation 9.
Part of the Loyal Three.