Generals
This Spartan king led the Greek allies to victory at the Battle of Plataea, but fell into disrepute after adopting Persian habits and writing a poem about himself on the community-focused Serpent Column monument.
Pausanias
490, between Athens and the Persian Empire, leads to an unexpected Athenian victory. Also remembered for an Athenian named Pheidippides, who ran 26.1 miles to share the good news.
Battle of Marathon
After the Peloponnesian War, Sparta installed pro-Sparta decarchies, or boards of this many people, in city-states that formerly belonged to the Delian League.
ten
Athens turned this 5th century military alliance into a vehicle for Athenian imperialism.
Delian League
This is the name for a major province of the Achaemenid Persian empire, ruled by an official called a satrap.
satrapy
This Persian king did not personally accompany his armies to Greece in 494-490, but instead sent his generals Mardonius, Datis, and Artaphernes to take care of the campaign.
Darius the Great / Darius I
479, land battle between an alliance of 31 Greek city-states and the Persian Empire. The Greeks win and stop the Persians from trying to take over mainland Greece. Commemorated by the Serpent Column.
Battle of Plataea
This naval commander, successful in defeating Athens at sea during the Peloponnesian War, wanted Sparta to expand into an empire after the war ended.
Lysander
This fourth-century organization represented a new alliance led by Athens and incorporated at least 60 member city-states.
Second Athenian Confederacy
The Ten Thousand (under Cyrus the Younger)
Iphicrates led the Athenians to victory at the Battle of Lechaeum in 391, during this war.
the Corinthian War
394, a deadly Corinthian War battle between the Spartans and a coalition of Athenians, Corinthians, Argives, and Thebans; Sparta wins.
Battle of Coronea
Ionia / the western Persian Empire
This document, carved on a stone stela in 377, sets out the terms of Athens' new alliance as well as the names of the parties who agreed to it.
Decree of Aristoteles
This is the familial relationship between King Artaxerxes II and Cyrus the Younger, who tried to depose him and become king.
brothers
This Spartan king, who replaced King Agis after his death, went through the agoge training system (unusually) because he was not expected to become the next king.
Agesilaus
371, between Thebes and Sparta; Thebes, led by Epaminondas and Pelopidas, wins.
Battle of Leuctra
A harmost is a military governor sent to oversee this type of structure or institution installed by Sparta in former Athenian allies after the Peloponnesian War (in addition to the decarchies).
garrison
Athens was only allowed to have twelve of these after the Peloponnesian War ended, but they built many more (eventually with Persian help) in the decades that followed, thus regaining much of their former power.
warships
This treaty, also known as the Peace of Antalkidas, brought an end to the Corinthian War.
the King's Peace
While Epaminondas conducted Theban foreign policy and military campaigns in the Peloponnese and the Aegean Sea, this Theban general took care of campaigns in central and northern Greece.
Pelopidas
362, between Sparta/Athens/Mantineia and a coalition of 30,000 Thebans and allies led by Epaminondas, ends in a draw.
Battle of Mantineia
The project of Spartan imperialism was opposed by this king of Sparta, who preferred that Sparta return to its traditional role in Greece as it had been before the Peloponnesian War: in other words, leader of the Peloponnesian League, but not more than that.
Pausanias
A cleruchy is this type of settlement, sent out from Athens to land outside of Athens, with the unusual intention that its inhabitants would count as Athenian citizens. This was a common tactic of the Delian League that Athens promised not to continue in the Second Athenian Confederacy.
colony
The Persians contributed this resource to the alliance of Athens, Argos, Corinth, and Thebes against Sparta in the Corinthian War.
money