first category
1 The judge decided to impose a custodial __________ rather than a fine, as the crime was deemed too serious for a mere financial penalty.
2 to take control of an aircraft during a journey, especially using violence
3 To break or fail to comply (to obey) with a law, rule, or agreement.
1 sentence
2 hijacking
3 violate
1 The quality of being worthy of respect, often shown through calm and serious behavior
2 After being convicted, the __________ expressed remorse and hoped to receive parole, but the court denied his request.
3 Это было простое совпадение, что он оказался на месте преступления.
1 dignity
2 defendant
3 It was a mere coincidence that he was at the crime scene.
1 to kill a lot of people in a very cruel way
2 tlnmreetaatm
1 slaughter
2 maltreatment
1 someone whose job is to build houses, walls, etc.
2 a period of time when someone learns the skills needed to do a job by working for someone who already has skills and experience
3 The government has introduced new measures to prevent repeat offenders from _______ further crimes after their release.
2 apprenticeship
3 committing
1 Сменяющие друг друга правительства не смогли решить проблему жизни на улице до того, как кризис обострился.
2 Despite his claims of innocence, the suspect was put on _____, during which the defense and prosecution presented their arguments before a verdict was reached.
3 To collect and organize information into a report, book, or list.
1 Successive governments had failed to address the issue of rough sleeping before the crisis escalated.
2 trial
3 to compile
1 A punishment where offenders work for the community instead of going to jail
2 hauteniaas (unscramble the word)
1 community service
2 euthanasia
1 taking from another person's pockets
2 The trial lasted for months as both sides presented extensive evidence and witness ________.
3 К тому времени, как цены на жильё взлетели, многие молодые люди уже отказались от идеи приобрести жильё.
1 pick pocketing
2 testimonies
3 By the time the housing prices soared, many young people had already given up on getting on the housing ladder.
1 deliberate destruction or damage to a building
2 to be kept apart from others as a punishment
3 Именно присяжные решают, должен ли ответчик предстать перед судом.
1 vandalism
2 isolation
3 It is the jury that decides whether the defendant should stand trial.
1 what is a "barrister"?
2 martial law
1 in the UK, a lawyer who can work in the highest courts (адвокат)
2 the control of a city, country, etc. by an army instead of by its usual leaders ( военное положение)
1 taking someone against their will
2 After being found guilty, the ________was sentenced to 15 years in prison.
3 Of the highest rank, authority, or importance.
4 Власти годами недостаточно инвестировали в развитие навыков, что усугубило проблему безработицы.
1 abduction (kidnapping)
2 defendant
3 Supreme
4 The authorities have been underinvesting in skills for years, which has exacerbated the scourge of unemployment.
1 premeditated murder (give a definition)
2 Многие страны отменили смертную казнь из-за проблем с правами человека.
3 Ни при каких обстоятельствах судебное разбирательство не должно проводиться без неоспоримых доказательств.
4 Строительный проект был задержан из-за нехватки сантехников и штукатуров.
1 murder that is intentional
2 Many countries have abolished capital punishment due to human rights concerns.
3 Under no circumstances should a trial be held without uncontested evidence.
4 The housing project had been delayed by a shortage of plumbers and plasterers.
1 what is blackmailing
2 to be embroiled
1 the crime of forcing someone to do something, or to pay you money, by saying you will tell another person something that they want to keep secret (шантаж)
2 to cause someone to become involved in an argument or a difficult situation (быть впутанным во что-либо)
1 financially motivated non-violent crime by a worker
2 Он был арестован за нападение после атаки на прохожего.
3 Только собрав веские доказательства, истец может выиграть судебный процесс.
4 Мы ожидаем, что правительство выполнит своё обещание по обеспечению достаточного количества социального жилья. (complex object)
1 white collar crime
2 He was arrested for assault after attacking a passerby.
3 Only by gathering strong evidence can a plaintiff win a lawsuit.
4 We expect the government to deliver on its promise of providing sufficient social housing.
1 patricide (give a definition)
2 A previous court decision that serves as an example or rule for future cases.
3 Только применяя свои законные права, граждане могут привлечь коррумпированных чиновников к ответственности.
4 Строители изо всех сил пытаются удовлетворить растущий спрос на жильё из-за нехватки квалифицированных кадров.
1 killing one's own father
2 precedent
3 Only by exercising their legal rights can citizens hold corrupt officials accountable.
4 Construction workers have been struggling to meet the growing demand for housing due to a shortfall in skilled labor.
1 forgery
2 pre-emptive measures
an illegal copy of a document, painting, etc
(подделка, фальсификация)
2 If something is pre-emptive, it is done before other people can act, especially to prevent them from doing something else (превентивные меры)
1 child abuse (give a definition)
2 not real, only in imagination
3 To withdraw a legal case before a decision is made.
4 Ответчик не осознавал, что этот судебный процесс создаст прецедент.
5 Эксперты в области градостроительства сообщили о значительной нехватке доступного жилья.(passive voice)
1 maltreatment of a child
2 fanciful
3 drop a lawsuit
4 Little did the defendant realize that the lawsuit would lead to a precedent.
5 A significant shortfall in affordable housing has been reported by experts in urban planning
1 Happening one after another
2 the housing ladder (give a definition)
3 То, что привело агентство к судебному процессу, — это его участие в коррупции.
4 Проект был заторможен бюрократической неэффективностью и нехваткой финансирования.
5 Правительство хочет, чтобы строительные компании обязались выделить больше ресурсов на обучение квалифицированных рабочих.
1 successive
2 the different levels of buying a first home and moving up to buy bigger ones
3 What caused the agency to face a lawsuit was its involvement in corruption.
4 The project was hindered by bureaucratic inefficiencies and lack of funding.
5 The government wants construction companies to pledge more resources towards training skilled workers.
bribery
allegation
attempts to make someone do something, usually something dishonest, by offering them money or gifts (взятка)
a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal, made without proof that this is true
(необоснованное обвинение)