Web
This system translates human-readable domain names like "www.example.com" into IP addresses, allowing browsers to locate websites.
What is DNS (Domain Name System)?
This device connects multiple networks, forwarding data between them based on IP addresses, and can filter traffic for security purposes.
What is a router?
This main circuit board houses the CPU, memory, and other critical components, providing connections between various hardware parts in a computer.
What is the motherboard?
This troubleshooting step is often the first to try when a device isn't working; it involves turning the device off and then on again to resolve issues like software glitches or temporary hardware malfunctions
What is a reboot?
This device, which connects multiple devices on a local network, operates at the Data Link layer and uses MAC addresses to forward data frames between devices within the same network.
What is a switch?
These protocols are used to transfer data over the web, with one being secure by encrypting communication between the client and server, indicated by "https" in the URL.
What are HTTP and HTTPS?
This protocol ensures reliable data transmission by establishing a connection, performing error checking, and guaranteeing delivery
What is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)?
This storage device uses non-volatile memory to store data and programs even when the computer is powered off, and it is often used as the primary storage drive.
What is an SSD (Solid-State Drive)?
This layer of the OSI model is responsible for ensuring reliable data transfer by managing error detection and correction, as well as flow control between devices.
What is the Data Link layer? (layer 2)
This component distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server is overwhelmed, improving scalability and reliability in a system.
What is a load balancer?
This protocol is used to secure communication over the internet by encrypting data between a user's browser and a web server, often seen in URLs starting with "https."
What is TLS (Transport Layer Security)?
This protocol is faster but does not guarantee data delivery or order, as it is connectionless and lacks error correction.
What is UDP (User Datagram Protocol)?
This type of memory stores frequently accessed data to speed up retrieval, reducing the time it takes to access information from slower storage devices like RAM or hard drives.
What is cache?
This type of issue typically occurs when a user cannot connect to the internet, often due to incorrect network settings, disconnected cables, or issues with the router or modem.
What is a network connectivity problem?
This type of language is used to manage and manipulate relational databases, allowing users to query, insert, update, and delete data.
What is SQL (Structured Query Language)?
This network of distributed servers delivers web content and assets to users based on their geographic location, improving load times and reducing server load.
What is a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?
This layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing data between devices across different networks using IP addresses and managing traffic.
What is the Network layer?
This power supply unit converts AC power from an outlet into the DC power that the computer components require, ensuring stable voltage levels for efficient operation.
What is a power supply unit (PSU)?
This troubleshooting technique involves checking for and installing any missing or outdated software drivers, which can resolve hardware recognition problems or performance issues with peripherals.
What is driver update or installation?
This type of database stores data in tables with rows and columns, using a structured schema and enforcing relationships between tables through keys.
What is a relational database? (SQL)
This architecture style divides a web application into two parts: the front-end, which handles the user interface, and the back-end, which manages business logic and data storage, often communicating via APIs.
What is a client-server architecture?
This OSI layer is responsible for providing end-to-end communication services, including session management, data flow control, and error recovery.
What is the Transport layer?
This component is responsible for converting analog signals into digital data and vice versa, allowing communication between the computer and external devices like microphones, speakers, and audio equipment.
What is a sound card?
This troubleshooting step involves checking the event logs or system logs to identify errors or issues that might be affecting system performance or application functionality, especially when other solutions haven’t worked.
What is reviewing system logs?
These components include load balancers, auto-scaling groups, multiple availability zones, and redundant data storage to ensure uptime and fault tolerance in a cloud-based system.
What are the necessary components for designing a highly available cloud setup?