Bacterial Structure
This circular region in the cytoplasm holds a prokaryote's DNA due to it not having a membrane-bound nucleus
nucleoid
In 1854, this person mapped London cholera cases to a contaminated water pump on Broad Street
John Snow
This bacterial infection is transmitted to humans through tick bites
Lyme disease
This sticky substance in the nose traps particles and is flushed out as snot to remove bacteria
mucus
Antibiotics do not work on colds or flu because antibiotics fail to affect these non-bacterial pathogens
viruses
Cylinder-shaped bacterial cells are called what
bacilli
In 1928, he accidentally discovered that Penicillium mold released a substance that killed nearby bacteria
Alexander Fleming
The bacterium Yersinia pestis causes this disease and is spread by flea bites
plague
These white blood cells engulf and digest bacteria, but can become overloaded and die
macrophages
Stopping an antibiotic course early is dangerous because it leaves these hardiest organisms alive to multiply
drug-resistant bacteria
This sticky outer coating helps bacteria evade a host's immune system
capsule
In 1857, Louis Pasteur showed that yeast on grape skins turns sugar into carbon dioxide, and this substance
ethanol
This rule of food safety advises keeping raw meat away from ready-to-eat food
Don't cross-contaminate
Released by mast cells when tissue is damaged by a splinter, this chemical messenger widens blood vessels
histamine
MRSA is a resistant strain of this specific bacterium
Staphylococcus aureus
Some bacteria have these structures for movement and attachment to surfaces around them
flagella and pili
His team identified the bacteria causing tuberculosis and cholera and established four postulates for identifying disease germs
Robert Koch
Rotavirus, adenovirus, and norovirus cause viral gastroenteritis, which is misleadingly called by this name
stomach flu
Formed during an infection, this fluid consists of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue
pus
If MRSA spreads into the blood, it can trigger this life-threatening response.
sepsis
When single bacterial cells are streaked across agar, members of one of these isolated clusters are genetically identical.
colony
Before germ theory was accepted, disease was blamed on this foul-smelling "bad air" from decaying matter
miasma
Beneficial gut bacteria defend against pathogens by occupying this, which harmful bacteria need to establish an infection
space and nutrients
Human tears defend the eyes because they wash away germs and contain these protective compounds
antimicrobial enzymes
Drug-resistant bacteria thrive when drug exposure acts as selective pressure during this evolutionary process
evolution or natural selection