How Ecosystems Work

Sustainability

100

What are the 4 Major components of earth's life-support system?

1. Atmosphere (air) 2. Hydrosphere (water) 3. Geosphere (rock, soil, % sediment) 4. Biosphere (living things)

200

How is life sustained in other words, what are 3 factors that sustain earth's life?

1. Sun 2. Nutrients 3. Gravity

300

Place the following terms in order from on earth to farthest away: Troposphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere, Atmosphere,Stratosphere

[Starting from on earth to farthest away] Interchangeable{Hydrosphere {Geosphere Atmosphere Trophosphere Stratosphere

400

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Food Web

100

What is a Trophic Level? List Examples?

-A Trophic Level is a feeding level -Ex: Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumers, Tertiary Consumers

200

Define the following terms: 1.Ominvore 2.Herbivore 3.Carnivore

1. Omnivore: Eats Plants & Meat 2. Herbivore: Eats only Plants 3. Carnivore: Eats only Meat

300

What is a Decomposer? Give an Example.

-Decomposers release nutrients -Examples: Fungi and Bacteria

400

What is a Detrivore? Give an Example.

Detrivores feed on waste of dead organisms Examples: Earthworms, some insects

500

Name each level 4) Lion 3) Fox Dog Bird 2) Hare <-| |-> Caterpillar 1) Grasses

1. Primary Producer 2. Primary Consumer 3. Secondary Consumer 4. Teriary Consumer

Cycles

100

Which of the 5 cycles is the slowest?

What is Phosphorus Cycle

200

Equation for Photosynthesis

What is 6CO2 + 6H20 ---(light)--> C6H12O6 + 6O2

300

Describe the steps of the water cycle. Include the following terminology: Evaporation,Condensation,Precipitation,Runoff,Groundwater and Transpiration

What is The sun heats the water which causes the molecules of water to rise into the atmosphere. This is called Evaporation. Condensation is when these molecules turn into droplets. Precipitation is when this water is released. Most of this water is considered Runoff. Some gets stored in aquifers as ground water and some return back into the oceans. Transpiration is when water on the plants evaporates off of the plants.

400

What cycle is Nitrogen Fixation a part of and what is it?

What is Nitrogen Cycle. Process where Bacteria "fix" the Nitrogen and turn Nitrogen Dioxide into NH3 (Ammonia)

500

Describe the Sulfur Cycle?

Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur dioxide is released by volcanoes (DMS) and anaerobic decomposers found in Swamps and Bogs. DMS is converted into SO2,SO3, and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Acid Decomposition occurs when the DMS reacts with ammonia. (Rain,Snow,Sleet,Hail)

Biomass & Energy

100

What % of usable energy is gained through each trophic level?

10% ( 90% loss )

200

What happens as energy flows through the cycle?

The amount of energy through each trophic level decreases as you go up.

300

What is Biomass

dry weight of all organic matter contained in organisms

400

What is GPP

Gross Primary Productivity. Rate at which producers convert solar energy into chemical energy in their body

500

What is NPP?

Net Primary Productivity. Rate at which producers use photosynthesis minus stored energy through aerobic respiration

Random

100

There is not a lot of Phosphorus in the soil what Human made /bat made items can increase the phosphate in the water and soil and in the end intefer with the cycle. (3)

What is Detergent,Guono,Fertilizer

200

What is the Carbon Cycle?

Decomposers release carbon atoms stored in dead bodies and release them into the atmosphere, CO2 can remain in the atmosphere for over 100 years. Atmosphere removes too much CO2 -> temperature gets warmer. Decomposers release carbon that can be stored as insoluable carbonates in the bottom sediment for very long periods of time

300

What is Nitrification?

What is When bacteria turn Ammonia (NH3) to Ammonium (NH4+)

400

Describe the Phosphorus Cycle ( NO ATMOSPHERE)

Overtime the ocean sediment and rocks wash away over time which releases the phosphate into the water supply which carry them into the soil where they are consumed by plants. Then the phosphorus is transferred through the food web and decomposers release this back into soil. Some phosphate can also be lost and can settle in the ocean or in the soil which can re start the cycle.