Generalization & Discrimination
This process involves recognizing differences between stimuli and responding only to specific cues.
What is discrimination?
This theory of categorization suggests that organisms use an average representation of all experienced stimuli to recognize new examples.
What is prototype theory?
Organisms use this internal mechanism, which follows a roughly 24-hour cycle, to regulate behaviors based on day-night patterns
What is the circadian rhythm?
This term describes objects visible from a distance, such as signs, that help guide navigation
What are beacons?
This type of learning involves memorizing the specific location of a goal rather than the movements needed to reach it.
What is place learning?
This process involves identifying similarities across stimuli, leading to the same response for different but related cues.
What is generalization?
According to this theory, organisms remember individual examples and generalize based on these experiences.
What is exemplar theory?
This theory suggests that an organism's behavior, such as a response chain, can act as a way to measure time.
What is the behavioral theory of timing?
Tolman proposed this internal representation that helps organisms navigate and locate goals.
What is a cognitive map?
When an organism learns specific movements to navigate to a destination, it demonstrates this type of learning.
What is response learning?
The difference between these two gradients determines the overall response strength to a stimulus.
What are generalization (excitatory) and discrimination (inhibitory) gradients?
This theory of categorization states that organisms identify a common feature in all members of a category, which guides responses.
What is feature theory?
This model suggests that time is tracked by a pacemaker, and responses are based on comparing this time to memories.
What is the pacemaker model?
Fixed cues near a goal that aid in navigation, like a familiar building, are called this.
What are landmarks?
In spatial learning, this phenomenon occurs when a prominent cue hinders the learning of additional cues.
What is overshadowing?
This type of learning occurs when prior experience with stimuli helps organisms distinguish between them
What is perceptual learning?
n categorization, this is the process of dividing stimuli into groups based on shared characteristics.
What is categorization?
According to this timing model, memory decay helps estimate the passage of time rather than an internal clock.
What is the multiple time-scale model?
Familiarity and unfamiliarity with locations can serve as this kind of stimulus to guide responses.
What are discriminative stimuli?
This term describes when exposure to a salient stimulus prevents an organism from learning about other stimuli.
What is blocking?