1
Compare atlas vs. axis
Atlas (C1) is the first cervical vertebra while axis is C2 the second cervical vertebra.
cue to remember: Atlas is a mythological figure who held up the world. So Atlas sits atop of Axis
What are spinal curves and when do they develop
cervical-secondary curve (after birth)
thoracic- primary
lumbar- secondary
sacral- primary
What is the manubrium
Three parts of the sternum
•The manubrium – the superior part. Articulates with the clavicles (collarbones) and cartilage of first ribs.
•The sternal body – is tongue shaped and attaches cartilage of ribs 2-7
•The xiphoid process – the most inferior and smallest part.
What is the dens?
It is the Body of Axis
It protrudes superiorly and allows for “no” motion of
head
Kyphosis is backward curve/ convex curve of spine
i.e. thoracic and sacral region
Lordosis is forward curve/ concave curve of spine
i.e. cervical and lumbar region
What is the erector spinae
Erector Spinae is a very deep series of muscles in the back; span the length of the vertebral column.
Spinalis: Most medial, along the spine
Longissimus: Lateral to spinalis, in between iliocostalis and spinalis
Iliocostalis: Most lateral.
What movements occur in the cervical region?
Flexion/Extension
-Rotation
-*Side bending* (lateral flexion)
True ribs vs. false ribs
True ribs is ribs 1-7 and false ribs are ribs 8-12
*floating ribs are ribs 11 and 12
•True ribs connect to the sternum via costal cartilages while floating do not
Three components of a vertebrae and features
1. The vertebral body – Transfers weight along the spine
2. The vertebral arch – Protects the spinal cord and allows muscle attachment
3. The articular processes – Contain joints that allow (or limit) movements; superior and inferior articular facets
Draw and label a rib
include:
body, articular facet, tubercle, head, neck, angle
Sternocleidomastoid OIA
O: Manubrium of sternum and medial part of clavicle
I: Mastoid process of temporal bone
A: If one – lateral flexion to same side and rotation to opposite side
If both – neck flexion
Components of a vertebral arch
- Pedicles form the walls of the vertebral arch
▪ Laminae form the roof of the vertebral arch
▪ Spinous process projects posteriorly where laminae fuse
▪ Transverse process lateral projection where laminae joins pedicles
Describe the distinctive structural and functional characteristics of the five vertebral regions
Cervical Vertebrae C1-7
- large vertebral foramen, bifid spinous process
Thoracic Vertebrae T1-12
- heart shape vertebral body, costal facets, round vertebral foramen
Thoracic Vertebrae L1-5
- bean shape vertebral body, short+ blunt spinous process
1. Cervical curve – Secondary curve, develops after birth
2. Thoracic curve – Primary curve, develops before birth (Kyphosis)
3. Lumbar curve – Secondary curve, develops after birth (Lordosis)
4. Sacral curve – Primary curve, develops before birth
Functions of the axial skeleton
. Supports and protects organs in
body cavities
2. Attaches to muscles of head,
neck, and trunk
3. Performs respiratory movements
4. Stabilizes parts of appendicular
skeleton