Change Management
A system that receives inputs from its external environment.
Open system
The term for employees remaining with an organization after a downsizing.
Survivors
The process of Parent, home or third- country nationals returning to their home headquarters or home subsidiaries.
Repatriation
The merging of two competitors.
Horizontal merger
Type of HR work transferred to an outside contractor through outsourcing.
Transactional
The attempt to solve a problem using a single strategy, without examining the validity of the problem itself.
Single-loop learning
A short-term strategy to cut the number of employees through attrition, early retirement or voluntary severance packages, layoffs, or terminations.
Workforce reduction
This refers to the capability to develop and maintain relationships with home-country nationals (HCNs
Relationship competencies
The merger of two organizations competing in different markets.
Conglomerate merger
The outsourcing of HR jobs to foreign countries.
HR offshoring
As the initial stage of organizational change, that involves the development of a shared understanding among concerned parties that a particular change is necessary.
Unfreezing
The interpersonal treatment employees receive during the implementation of the downsizing decision.
Interactional justice
A strategy that concentrates on the development of foreign markets by selling to foreign nationals.
Multidomestic strategy
The merger or acquisition of rivals.
Horizontal integration
Poor service definition and weak management processes
Common causes of outsourcing problems?
trial-and-error process of discovery that involves diagnosing a problem, planning a solution, acting on the solution, evaluating the results of the actions, learning from the outcomes, and asking new questions.
Action research
An unwritten commitment between employers and their employees that historically guaranteed job security and rewards for loyal service.
Psychological contract
Introducing culturally sensitive products in chosen countries with the least amount of cost.
Global strategy
The merger or acquisition of two organizations that have a buyer–seller relationship.
Vertical integration
response time, response cost, and customer satisfaction ratings that are used to negotiate outsourcing contracts
What are benchmarks?
A theory of complex systems based on some form of order but can behave in unpredictable ways.
Chaos theory
A consequence of downsizing that was previously not thought of as being related.
Decrease in organization safety performance.
Transferring home HRM systems to foreign subsidiaries without modifying or adapting to the local environment.
Exportive IHRM approach
The cost reductions achieved by economies of scale or economies of scope produced by a merger or acquisition.
Operating synergy
These programs are frequently outsourced because of their nature.
What is rule-based, are repetitive, are frequently undertaken, and can be automated?