A
2. Dovetailing is:
Seeking help of other family members
Using labour saving services
Ability to do two or three activities at the same time
A form of boat racing
3.Ability to do two or three activities at the same time
The step in management that involves fixing responsibilities and collecting or assembling resources needed to carry out a work:
Organizing
. Which of the following is not an example of a human resource?
Energy
Skill
Knowledge
Money
Money
An example of a non human resource is
Time
Knowledge
Skill
4.Land
Land
Differentiate between human and non-human resources. Give two examples for each type.
Suggest four ways to use resources efficiently.
The four ways to use resources efficiently are as follows:
Conserve resources
Do not waste resources
Find alternative ways to use resources efficiently.
Use resources in such a way that you do not deprive others of using them.
How will a time plan for ‘peak load’ period be different from the one made for ‘leisure time’ period?
“Peak load” period means when many activities , all of which have a
fixed timing have to be performed one after the other and the time for
completing them is limited.
Example - A mother has to wake her child, make his breakfast and lunch box, get ready for school and leave for the bus stop in the morning. So a time plan for peak load period will have fixed timings, one after another.
“Leisure time” periods are ones where the activity does not have to be done at a fixed time.
Example - When she is engaged in her personal hobbies or is resting.
What do you understand by the term “family income”?
Family income is the income of all related persons living in the household.
Income is the income from all sources like salary, rents, furniture and interest received from banks .
Which are the two advantages of making a time plan before your final exams?
The 2 advantages of making a time plan before your final exams are
no last minute tensions and confusion; and
better quality work.
Why is organizing a very important part of management?
Organizing is a very important part of management because :-
all work gets done
there is equal distribution of work
Work gets finished on time
Time is saved.
Giving six reasons, convince a family to make a time plan for themselves.
I would tell my brother that the advantages of making a time plan are
He will be able to finish all his work efficiently without feeling tired
He would find time for rest and relaxation
He would find time for his hobbies like playing outdoor games (cycling, football, squash and hockey) drawing, listening to music, dancing, watching T.V. etc;
He would do more productive work in less time
He would have no last minute tensions and confusion; and
He would be able to do better quality work .
Rohan has two children studying in class 6th and 8th. He lives in a small town. What four factors would influence his spending plan?
The factors on which the allocation of money on different items is
decided are :
Income - The total family income from all sources will basically help to decide how much can be spent on various items. More the income , more will be the money spent for purchasing different items.
Age of family members - If they are school going children , the family will spend more on education ( fees, stationary, books ,school uniforms) etc
Size of family members - A large family will spend more on basic needs like food and clothing and less on entertainment and luxuries.
Place of residence- In big cities like Mumbai and Delhi, cost of living, food , housing , rent, travel expenses are higher than in small towns and villages.
Skills- A person who is good at making pickles, papads will spend less money on buying these items. The money is saved on this .
Savings: A family with grown up children will spend less and save more.
Give your friend four suggestions to save her energy while working in the kitchen
Use labour saving devices. For example, use a washing machine, mixer.
Dovetailing: Combine activities or do two or three tasks at the same time . She can wash dishes and wash clothes in a washing machine at the same time.
Use a long broom to sweep the floor
Cut all extra movements
List the four characteristics of a good budget.
The four characteristics of a good budget are: ( choose any 4 )
A budget gives us an accurate estimate of income of the family- We will be able to find the exact amount that is available for expenditure.
A budget gives us accurate estimates of expenditure of the family - The estimate of expenditure should be as accurate as possible.
A budget allows us to accurately allocate money- The family should know its present needs and wants and anticipate future changes.
A budget is made flexible by allowing you to divert some money from one item to another as per your need. For example- if a family member suddenly needs to be hospitalised and you have to spend on medical bills , then you can use the money that you had planned to use on a holiday to pay for the medical bills.
A budget helps in achieving a family’s long term goals.
Budgeting helps in managing your finances.
The main purpose of your budget is to allow you to live within your income.
Define savings. Give 4 reasons for your parents to save money from their monthly income and expenditure.
Savings is the money set aside by the family for use in times of need.
Our parents need to save money for the following reasons:
for any future needs
for any emergencies for example medical treatment
for children’s education
For children’s marriage.
for financial freedom - so that you do not depend on anyone when you stop earning.
for retirement
Explain with the help of an example how the correct use of posture can save our energy while sweeping the floor.
Example - Arun is sweeping the floor using a traditional broom with a short handle. He needs to bend down and sweep with short strokes which makes him spend unnecessary time and energy because he is using the wrong posture for the work. If he uses a long handle broom, this is the correct posture and he can do the same work without bending and making long strokes which reduces energy and time required to do the job.
Malti wants to buy a house but is not able to save any money. Suggest eight ways to her family members to reduce their expenses
Some ways for the family to reduce their expenses are
No impulsive buying
Spend less on eating out or ordering from restaurants.Have more home cooked meals.
Use public transport to save on fuel for your personal car.
Walk to nearby places instead of using a rickshaw or cab.
Do not send your clothes out for ironing or washing. Iron and wash themselves
Check extra expenditure on electricity, water etc and reduce it.
Use public libraries instead of buying story books.
Looking out for sales and places where prices are comparatively lower.
Rekha’s mother gets tired quickly. Suggest three ways to conserve her energy.
Three ways for Rekha’s mother to conserve energy are
Break down the tasks into smaller tasks.
Cut down extra movements and combine activities
Be more skillful at her work
Use the correct posture.
Your friend misses his school bus every other day. Which four steps of management should be followed to ensure that he is able to catch his school bus everyday?
The four steps of management which he should follow to ensure that my friend is able to catch his school bus everyday are:
Planning: My friend must think in advance about what needs to be done. He must make a time plan. ( what time to wake up etc)
2) Organizing: He must collect his resources needed to carry out the plan. He must keep some things ready the previous night for example- his school uniform , shoes, pack his bag.
3) Implementing: He must then actually carry out the actual activities as planned and organized earlier. He must wake up on time, get ready on time and leave home on time.
4) Evaluating -Whether he is on time for the bus or not, he would then need to examine the steps and judge ‘what went right’ and ‘what went wrong’ in order to take any corrective measure in case he is not on time for the bus.
A family of four, two adults and two primary school going children, has shifted from Delhi to a small town. How will this influence their spending plan? Point out three important areas of expenditure which can show a definite positive change and support your answer with adequate reasons.
When a family of four, two adults and two primary school going children shifted from Delhi to a small town it will influence their spending plan in the following ways
Food
Housing
Education will become cheaper.
The reasons for this are that in a big city like Delhi, cost of living, food , housing , rent and travel expenses are higher than in small towns. The family will spend less in the small town.
Why is it necessary for a family to maintain a record of its expenditure ?
It is necessary for a family to maintain a record of its expenditure for
the following reasons :
They will know how much you have spent on each item
They will know if they have spent more or less on certain items than in the previous month
They will be able to make out what expenditure is necessary and what is not necessary.
They will be able to predict their money needs for the future.
They will be able to save money
They will be able to compare prices of products and avoid getting cheated.