Category 1
The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
Evolution
Evolution of an animal or plant group into a wide variety of types adapted to specialized modes of life.
Adaptive radiation
The genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Genotype
The organs that take in food and liquids and break them down into substances that the body can use for energy, growth, and tissue repair.
Digestive System
The type of allele which expresses itself even in the presence of another allele
Dominant Allele
A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.
Species
A group of cells that possess a similar structure and perform a specific function.
Tissue
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Allele
Father of Comparative Anatomy who supported Darwin's theory of evolution.
Thomas Henry Huxley
A type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual
Recessive Allele
Similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa.
Homology
A collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function.
Organ
A type of gene involved in the development of the segmented embryos of some arthropods.
Gap gene
A series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the small of the back.
Spine
A diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.
Phylogenetic tree
Similarity of function and superficial resemblance of structures that have different origins.
Analogy
Term coined by Julian Huxley: This is the 20th-century rendition, or “updated” version of Darwin's theory of Evolution denotes the synthesis between Mendelian genetics and selection theory.
Modern synthesis
genes that code for proteins or factors that control the expression of structural genes.
Regulatory genes
The movement of an organism from one place to another.
Locamotion
Swedish Biologist who is known for inventing the binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms we still use today.
Carl Lennaeus
The scientific study of naming, defining and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.
Taxonomy
Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria. This theory explains the origin of eukaryotic cells.
The Endosymbiotic Theory
First discovered in the fruit fly, this is a group of genes that regulate development in multicellular organisms.
Homeobox genes
Study of the body structures of different species of animals in order to understand the adaptive changes they have undergone in the course of evolution from common ancestors.
Comparative Anatomy
The presence of more than two copies of each genome within an organism or species, where the genomes present must all originate within the same species.
Autopolyploidy