Roman Catholic Church
The practice of charging interest for money that was loaned. This was prohibited by the Roman Catholic Church.
What is usury?
The name that modern secular historians use to refer to the Medieval Era due to their claim that there was a sharp decline in learning.
What were the “Dark Ages”?
Another name for the common language of the people.
What is the vernacular?
Particular regions with defined borders that share common traditions, history, and language.
What is a nation-state?
The animal believed to have spread the Black Plague throughout Europe.
What are rats?
Depriving an individual of the sacraments and removing them from the Roman Church.
What is excommunication?
This scholar argued that asking questions was “the first key to wisdom”.
Who was Peter Abelard?
An Italian author who was famous for his story The Divine Comedy.
Who was Dante?
This event saw the kingdoms of Iberia successfully push back the Muslims who controlled the region for over 700 years.
What was the Reconquista?
This French individual believed that voices from Heaven spoke to them and told them to lead the French against the English during the Hundred Years’ War. They successfully rallied the French but were captured and burned at the stake.
Who was Joan of Arc?
The pope ruled from this region between the years 1309 -1377 where he was controlled by the French kings. This period is also known as the Babylonian Captivity.
What is Avignon?
This scholar believed that faith and reason were necessary to understand God’s revelation.
Who was Anselm?
A form of architecture famous for its flying buttresses which supported higher ceilings, thinner walls, beautiful stained glass, and large windows and doors which made it brighter.
What is Gothic architecture?
This document means the “Great Charter” in Latin. It restricted the power of the English kings and affirmed rights of the nobles. It laid the foundation for ideas of limited government in Western Civilization.
What is the Magna Carta?
These centers of learning challenged the Roman Catholic Church’s power over knowledge in Europe.
What are universities?
This declaration created by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302 declared that one had to submit to the pope to be saved by God.
What was the Unam Sanctam?
This scholar was known as “the prince of schoolmen”, he argued that Aristotle’s philosophy could be used to help understand theology.
Who was Thomas Aquinas?
A long narrative poem that celebrates the adventures of legendary heroes. These stories were important as they often formed the foundation for different culture’s histories and identities.
What are heroic epics?
This conflict erupted in England following the end of the Hundred Years’ Wars and was fought between the Lancaster’s and the York’s. It ended with the victory of Henry Tudor.
What was the War of the Roses?
The late Medieval German version of Parliament. They were very powerful and chose weak kings to maintain their power over them.
What was the Diet?
This council hosted by the Roman Church in 1418 that fixed the crisis of the Great Schism.
What was the Council of Constance?
The individual responsible for organizing the early forms of the scientific method.
Who was Roger Bacon?
An English poet who was famous for his story The Canterbury Tales.
Who was Geoffrey Chaucer?
This English dynasty was created by Henry II and replaced the Norman dynasty of England. Henry II was followed by his two sons, Richard the lionheart and John.
Who were the Plantagenets?
The two Iberian kingdoms that were united through the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella to create the nation of modern Spain.
What were Castile and Aragon?