Economics
Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants
What is scarcity?
A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.
What is a republic?
The constitutional amendment that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly.
What is the First Amendment?
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
What is Popular Sovereignty?
Students in an Iowa school were suspended for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam war. Ruled that this suspension was unconstitutional and that public school students do not "shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse door." Upheld First Amendment Right to freedom of expression
What is Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)?
The act of giving up one benefit in order to gain another, greater benefit
What is a trade off?
Basic liberties and rights of all citizens are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.
Individual rights
Right to keep and bear arms
What is the Second Amendment?
A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution.
What is Limited Government?
The Court held that the right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the 2nd Amendment is incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment and applies to the states.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services
What are factors of production
Life, liberty, and property, which are threatened by individuals who steal, kill, and otherwise act without regard for others.
What are inalienable rights (natural rights)?
No quartering of soldiers
What is the 3rd Amendment?
principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern
What is Rule of Law?
4th Amendment Case in which the Supreme court decided that a student may be searched if there is "reasonable ground" for doing so.
What is New Jersey v. TLO?
A period during which a country's economy goes from growth to recession (= a time when business conditions are bad) and back to growth
What is economic/business cycle?
Clause in the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
What is the 4th amendment?
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
What is Checks and Balances?
Fifth Amendment case in which the Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.
What is traditional economy?
The belief that the people agree to set up rulers for certain purposes and thus have the right to resist or remove rulers who act against those purposes.
What is the Social contract theory
A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes.
What is the 5th amendment?
the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
What is Separation of Powers?
The 1974 case in which the Supreme Court unanimously held that the doctrine of executive privilege was implicit in the Constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions
What is United States v. Nixon?