Skin Structure
The two layers that make up the integumentary system.
What are the epidermis and dermis?
The layer of the epidermis only in thick skin (ex. palms, fingertips, and soles of feet).
What is the stratum lucidum?
This gland produces the waxy substance called sebum.
What are the sebaceous (oil) glands?
This pigment is produced by melanocytes and is the primary determinant of genetically based skin color.
What is melanin?
What are fingerprints?
The layer beneath the dermis.
What is the subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer?
The layers of the epidermis in thick skin from superficial to deep.
What is stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale?
This muscle attached to a hair follicle causes the hair to stand up.
What is the arrector pili muscle?
The yellow-orange pigment that can accumulate in the skin from dietary sources, such as carrots.
What is carotene?
This condition occurs when friction, burns, freezing, chemicals, or infection cause a pocket of fluid to form within the upper layers of the skin.
What is a blister?
This layer is vascular, and this layer is avascular, respectively.
What is the dermis and the epidermis?
The two layers of the dermis.
What are the papillary layer and the reticular layer?
This skin appendage is a modification of stratum corneum cells and consists of hard keratin.
What are nails?
These are blood-related factors that can influence skin color.
What is hemoglobin content, temperature, and vasoconstriction/vasodilation?
This is the leading cause of death of skin cancer.
What is malignant melanoma?
The histology of the epidermis.
What is stratified squamous epithelium?
The natural direction of collagen and elastic fibers inside the dermis.
What are lines of cleavage or tension?
What are the eccrine (merocrine) glands?
The epidermis is classified as this, so it receives oxygen and nutrients by diffusion from capillaries in the dermis.
What is avascular?
Basal cell carcinoma originates in this layer of the epidermis.
What is the stratum basale?
Five functions of the integumentary system.
What is physical protection, excretion (secretion), nutrition (synthesis), sensory reception, immune defense, energy reserve, shock absorption/protection, and heat conservation?
Keratinization begins in this epidermal layer, where cells begin losing their organelles and cytoplasm.
What is the stratum granulosum?
Apocrine glands release this and are involved in this, respectively.
What are pheromones and puberty?
This condition is a result of no melanin production.
What is albinism?
The steps in wound healing.
What is:
(1) bleeding into the wound brings clotting proteins, leukocytes, and antibodies
(2) blood clot forms, temporarily patching edges of wound together; internally, macrophages and neutrophils clean wound of cell debris
(3) cut blood vessels regenerate and grow into wound; granulation tissue (vascular connective tissue) forms
(4) regeneration of epidermis occurs due to cell division at edge of wound, cells migrate over the wound to cover it.