Module 5
What is the complementary base pair of adenine in DNA?
Thymine
Artificial pollination is an example of what type of technology?
Reproductive technology (biotechnology)
What type of pathogens are non-living
Virus and prions
Which part of the brain controls body temperature regulation?
Hypothalamus
Controlled Variables
Identify the inheritance when two dominant alleles are expressed, they create a phenotype where both alleles are simultaneously expressed.
Codominant inheritance
What is the name of the enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences in recombinant DNA technology?
Restriction enzyme (endonuclease)
State one physical defence a plant uses against pathogens.
Thick cell walls, waxy cuticle, or bark.
What is the function of negative feedback in homeostasis?
Maintains internal balance by reversing changes away from the set point.
Identify the type of graph used to represent categorical data
What type of mutation results in only one base being substituted, inserted, or deleted?
Point mutation
Give one benefit and one risk of whole organism cloning.
Benefit = preserve endangered species / produce identical organisms. Risk = reduced genetic diversity, health problems.
What was the significance of Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment?
It disproved spontaneous generation and showed microorganisms cause contamination.
Explain how kidney dialysis mimics natural kidney function.
Filters blood using a semipermeable membrane, removing wastes while retaining useful substances.
Calculate the prevalence of influenza in a nursing home if 15 new people where infected, 10 people still have the disease, 2 people died and 25 are not infected.
Total number of people affected/ total population at risk 25/52 = 48%
Explain the difference between a germ-line mutation and a somatic mutation.
Germ-line mutations occur in gametes and can be inherited; somatic mutations occur in body cells and cannot be passed on.
How does artificial insemination improve livestock breeding efficiency?
Allows selective breeding from genetically desirable males, increases reproduction rate, and avoids physical barriers.
Compare passive and active immunity.
Passive = antibodies given (short-term). Active = body produces antibodies after exposure or vaccination (long-term).
Evaluate the effectiveness of cochlear implants in treating hearing loss.
Effective in restoring perception of sound for many; limitations include cost, accessibility, and reduced effectiveness for some types of hearing loss.
Describe a valid experiment
3x controlled variables, 1x IV, 1x DV, answers aim
Compare the role of crossing over and independent assortment in increasing genetic variation.
Crossing over exchanges DNA between homologous chromosomes, creating new allele combinations. Independent assortment randomly distributes chromosomes into gametes. Both increase variation.
Evaluate how transgenic crops can affect biodiversity.
Pros = pest resistance, higher yield. Cons = monocultures reduce biodiversity, risk of gene flow to wild species.
Explain how herd immunity helps prevent the spread of disease
When a large proportion of the population is immune, it reduces transmission and protects unvaccinated individuals.
Analyse how epidemiological studies are used to investigate non-infectious diseases.
Identify patterns of incidence, prevalence, and risk factors, evaluate treatment/management, and inform public health policies.
Discuss how Indigenous knowledge has contributed to modern medicine.
Use of bush medicines (e.g., smoke bush, tea tree) informed pharmaceutical development; highlights importance of recognising and protecting Indigenous intellectual property.