Cell Biology
What is the function of mitochondria in a cell? (A: To produce energy through cellular respiration.)
What is to produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration?
What is the chemical structure that carries genetic information in cells?
What is DNA?
What is a pathogen?
What is a microorganism that causes disease?
Name one example of a non-infectious disease.
What is diabetes (accept cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc.)?
What is an ecosystem?
What is a community of organisms interacting with their physical environment?
Name the process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells.
What is mitosis?
Define ‘mutation.’
What is a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA?
Name two types of pathogens.
What are bacteria and viruses?
What is a genetic cause of non-infectious disease?
What is an inherited mutation?
Define ‘biodiversity.’
What is the variety of living species in an ecosystem or on Earth?
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
What is the ribosome?
What process creates genetic variation in meiosis?
What is crossing over or independent assortment?
What is the body's first line of defence against pathogens?
What is the physical and chemical barriers like skin and mucus membranes?
How can lifestyle choices impact non-infectious disease risk?
What is factors like diet, exercise, smoking influence disease development?
Name one human activity that threatens biodiversity.
What is habitat destruction (or pollution, climate change)?
Explain the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane.
What is the model describing the plasma membrane as a flexible layer made of lipid molecules with proteins embedded that move laterally?
Name a type of mutation that can cause a frameshift in the genetic code.
What is an insertion or deletion?
How do vaccines protect against infectious diseases?
What is by stimulating the immune system to produce memory cells without causing the disease?
Describe the role of plaques in cardiovascular disease.
What is plaques are fatty deposits in arteries that reduce blood flow and can cause heart attacks?
How can conservation biology help protect endangered species?
What is by applying strategies like habitat restoration, captive breeding, and legal protection?
Describe the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What are prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells have them?
Explain how gene flow can affect the genetic diversity of a population.
What is the transfer of alleles between populations that increases genetic variation?
What is antibiotic resistance and why is it a concern?
What is when bacteria evolve to survive antibiotic treatment, making infections harder to treat?
Explain one method used in biotechnology to treat genetic diseases.
What is gene therapy?
Explain the significance of a keystone species in an ecosystem.
What is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance? e.g. wolves, sea otters