Core 1: HPA
Identify one social justice principle used in addressing health inequities.
Equity, diversity, or supportive environments.
Name the three energy systems.
ATP-PC, lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis), aerobic.
Identify one physiological adaptation to aerobic training
Increased stroke volume, Decrease Resting HR, Increased Haemoglobin levels, Increased Cardiac Output
State one common overuse injury in children.
Shin Splints, Jumpers Knee, Severs Disease
Explain why understanding key words is critical for HSC success.
Marks are allocated for addressing the verb; misunderstanding leads to lost marks.
Outline two reasons why CVD is a priority health issue in Australia.
High prevalence and mortality; significant economic burden; largely preventable.
Describe the role of progressive overload in aerobic training.
Gradually increases workload to stimulate adaptation without causing injury.
Explain the purpose of tapering before competition.
Reduces fatigue, maintains glycogen, and optimises performance on event day.
Outline the process to assess injuries.
Talk, Observe, Touch, Active movement, Passive movement, Skills test. (TOTAPS only gets half)
Differentiate between assess and evaluate.
Assess = make a judgement based on criteria; Evaluate = make a judgement about value, supported by evidence.
Explain how the Ottawa Charter action area Reorient Health Services applies to cancer prevention.
Example: GPs referring patients to dietitians or screening programs to prevent cancer rather than only treating it.
Explain how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation influence performance.
Intrinsic = personal satisfaction; extrinsic = rewards like trophies; both affect effort and persistence.
Explain how technology has improved performance in one sport.
Advanced swimsuits reduce drag, improving speed in swimming.
Explain how pre-screening reduces injury risk in aged athletes.
Identifies health risks (e.g., heart conditions), allowing tailored programs to prevent injury.
Explain the difference between discuss and explain in the context of HSC questions.
Explain = make relationships clear and provide reasons; Discuss = present points for and/or against, often requiring a balanced view.
Assess the impact of an ageing population on health service delivery.
Increased demand for aged care facilities, chronic disease management, and reliance on volunteer workforce.
Analyse the relationship between arousal and performance using the inverted-U hypothesis.
Performance improves with arousal up to an optimal point; too low = underperformance, too high = anxiety and errors.
Assess the role of psychological strategies in managing overtraining.
Strategies like relaxation, goal setting, and mental rehearsal reduce stress and prevent burnout.
Assess the ethical considerations of using painkillers to return to play.
Risks masking pain, worsening injury, and compromising athlete welfare; conflicts with duty of care.
Critically analyse the challenges students face when responding to multi-part questions with different key words.
Students often answer only one verb; solution = plan for each verb and integrate responses logically.
Evaluate the extent to which health promotion initiatives have reduced inequities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Initiatives like Close the Gap improved immunisation and life expectancy, but chronic disease rates and life expectancy gaps remain significant.
Justify the use of varied practice methods for an athlete in the associative stage of skill acquisition.
Varied practice improves adaptability, decision-making, and transfer of skills to game situations.
Evaluate the extent to which drug testing deters the use of performance-enhancing drugs in elite sport.
Acts as a deterrent for some athletes, but high stakes and new substances limit overall effectiveness.
Evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation procedures in ensuring safe return to play after an ACL injury.
Graduated exercise, progressive mobilisation, and functional testing restore strength and stability, reducing reinjury risk when applied correctly.
Provide an example of a question using critically analyse and outline what the response should include
Critically analyse the effectiveness of health promotion initiatives in addressing obesity.” Response should include: strengths and weaknesses, supported by evidence, and a clear judgement about overall effectiveness.