RELIGION, DEATH AND BURIAL
the protector god who was praised for his protection of naval strength
Who is Poseidon?
a secret police force tasked with controlling the helots, often through fear and violence.
What is the Krypteia?
they were communal dining halls that reinforced military unity, discipline, and the Spartan ideals of camaraderie and shared purpose
What is the syssitia?
an allotment of land given to a Spartan at birth
What is a kleros?
the name given to a Spartan foot soldier
What is a hoplite?
a goddess worshipped at a major Spartan sanctuary, and her rituals symbolized endurance, military strength, and Spartan ideals
Who is Artemis Orthia?
It was a foundational document that established Spartan governance, promoting military discipline and equality among citizens.
What was the Great Rhetra?
it's main purpose was to produce disciplined, resilient, and capable warriors
What is the agoge?
obnoxiously large and designed to deter stealing and demote the ideals of luxury
What are iron bars?
It provided natural protection from invasions and helped in the development of Sparta's military-focused society.
What is Mt Taygetus?
At this temple a ritual involving boys being whipped while trying to steal cheese from the altar
What is the Temple of Artemis Orthia?
their powers were balanced by the ephorate and the Gerousia, ensuring no single ruler could dominate.
How were the powers of the Spartan kings limited?
this was both a recreational and practical activity for Spartan men. It helped develop skills in endurance, teamwork, and strategy, while also contributing to the syssitia
What is hunting?
these two ores were essential for the production of bronze weapons and armor
Why were tin and copper important?
named Castor and Pollux, they symbolised the values of athleticism, horsemanship, and warfare
Who are the Dioscuri?
Spartans would perform sacrifices and seek divine favor, particularly from gods like Apollo, before engaging in battle to ensure victory and success.
How did Spartans honour their gods before battle?
they provided labour on kleroi
Who were the helots?
they were arranged with an emphasis on producing strong offspring, and couples were expected to maintain separate living arrangements while meeting in secret
How were marriages conducted in Sparta?
they crafted weapons, armor, and other goods, supporting the Spartan military while remaining outside the direct military service of the Spartiates
What was the role of Perioiki?
this was a sanctuary dedicated to Apollo
What is the Amyklaion?
This festival honored the god Apollo and celebrated military virtues, symbolizing the deep connection between religion, sacrifice, and Spartan identity
What was the Hyakinthia Festival?
they were responsible for managing the kleroi (land), educating children, and upholding Spartan values of strength and discipline
What were the roles of Spartan women?
The Perioikoi were free and engaged in trade and craftsmanship, while the Helots were state-owned serfs who worked the land and supported Spartan military society.
How did the role of the Perioikoi differ from that of the Helots?
goods like luxury items, fine pottery, and materials for bronze production, facilitated mainly by the Perioikoi.
What was imported into Sparta?
soldiers and women dying during child-birth were given one
What were marked graves?