Classification of Bones
The humerus in the upper arm is an example of this type of bone.
Long Bone
These are Stem cells that develop into osteoblasts
Osteogenic cells
_______ is the biological process of tissue formation that begins in the embryo and continues into early adulthood.
Ossification
The vertebral column is composed of 26 individual bones in adults. It includes _____cervical, ____ thoracic and ____lumbar vertebrae, along with the sacrum and coccyx.
7 | 12 | 5
This is the longest and largest bone found in the human body.
The Femur
The bone breaks, but the skin remains entirely intact without an open wound.
Closed (Simple) Fracture:
_______ is the primary structural mineral that gives your skeleton its strength. Find it in dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese), fortified plant milks, and sardines.
Calcium
Short Bones
True or False: A bone lacking a calcified matrix looks normal, but is very flexible
True
_____is the process of forming bone tissue directly from sheets of primitive, fibrous connective mesenchymal tissue. This process forms the flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles.
Intramembranous Ossification
This is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone in the human body.
The Hyoid Bone
This is the S shaped bone that articulates with the sternum and the scapula
The Clavicle
A complete bone break where the break spirals around the bone, commonly resulting from a forceful twisting injury. The resulting break wraps around the bone shaft, resembling a corkscrew
Spiral Fracture
___________increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption, while _______ lowers it by promoting storage.
Parathyroid Hormone | Calcitonin
______are usually small, round, and flat. They are found near joints of the knees, hands, and feet.
Sesamoid Bones
These are immature bone cells, that form new bone tissue
Osteoblasts
_______ is when cartilage acts as a temporary template and is progressively replaced by hardened, mineralized bone.Forms the majority of the skeleton, including the long bones of the arms and legs.
Endochondral Ossification
______ is composed of the sternum and 24 ribs, creating a protective enclosure for the heart and lungs.
Thoracic Cage
This bone is found in the forearm on the pinky side
Ulna
The bone bends but does not completely break, cracking only on one side. This is common in young children whose bones are softer and more flexible.
Greenstick
_______promotes calcium absorption in the intestines and is activated by PTH in the kidneys
Vitamin D
These bones have complex shapes with short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces. Vertebrae are examples of these types of bones
Irregular Bones
These are mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix
Osteocytes
Typically between the ages of 18 and 25 bones can only grow in width not length, this process is called _______.
Appositional Growth
________are the soft, membrane-covered spaces on a baby's head where the skull bones have not yet joined together, featuring two main spots: the anterior fontanel and the posterior fontanel.
Fontanels
The patella
A common type of broken wrist in which the radius bone breaks near the wrist joint and tilts upward. It is most frequently caused by falling onto an outstretched hand.
Colles Fracture:
How much of the body’s Calcium is stored in bone. Which acts as a reservoir for maintaining blood levels.
~99%
These bones form the roof of the skull, the sternum
the ribs, and the scapulae.
Flat Bones
These are multinucleated cells that break down and resorb old bone tissue.
Osteoclasts
Bone remodeling is a lifelong, continuous process. Driven by mechanical stress and calcium needs, this cycle prevents fractures and maintains mineral balance through the delicate teamwork of two specialized cells ________ and _______.
Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts.
The skull, which is divided into the cranium and facial bones contains how many total bones?
22 bones
Typically, you would expect to find how many phalanges in one hand?
14
Thumb: 2 phalanges (proximal and distal)
Index finger: 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal)
Middle finger: 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal)
Ring finger: 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal)
Little finger: 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal
Fracture bone healing is the remarkable biological process where the body knits a broken bone back together. It typically takes 6 to 12 weeks for a bone to heal enough to bear weight, name the 3 phases.
Inflammatory Phase |Reparative Phase | Remodeling Phase
Osteopenia is inadequate ossification (reduction of bone mass, which begins between ages 30 and 40.
Women lose ____ of bone mass per decade due to Hormonal changes, Men lose ____.
8% | 3%