Classification of Matter
Matter is defined as ______?
Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space)
Define physical property. Give three examples
Physical property: characteristics of matter that can be observed without changing the chemical identity.
E.g. melting temperature, boiling temperature, solubility, viscosity, density, mass, volume, color, etc .
Calculate the density of a spiral-shaped object. It was placed in water and the water rose from 25mL to 75mL. It has a mass of 100g
2g/mL
Dry ice (solid) vaporizes into a gas at room temperature. What is this change of state called?
Sublimation
Using the periodic table of elements calculate the number of neutrons gold (Au) has:
Neutrons = Atomic mass - protons
Neutrons = 197 -79
Neutrons = 118
The amount of space a substance takes up is known as _________.
volume
List 4 signs that a chemical reaction has occurred.
1. Change in color
2. Change in energy (heat)
3. Formation of a gas
4. Formation of a precipitate
Your mother sees that your suitcase is crammed. She tells you to transfer all of your clothes into a larger suitcase. There will be the same amount of clothes but in a bigger space. How does this affect the density?
A bigger suitcase allows for more space (volume) for the same amount of stuff (mass). This diseases the density
What state of matter has no defined shape and can be compressed?
Gas
Draw and label the atomic model of JJ Thomson
"Blueberry muffin" or plum pudding model
Must have labelled
1. Electrons
2. Positively charged "muffin dough"
A substance that contains one kind of atom is called a(n) ____.
A substance that contains two or more different kinds of atoms chemically joined is called a(n) ____.
a. element
b. compound
List 3 types of chemical changes you can do to a piece of paper.
Choose 3 from:
burn it, digest it, bake it, decompose it, react it with acid, react it with a base.
I have 3 pure silver items. Which has the greatest density?
1. Silver ring (smallest mass, smallest volume)
2. Silver necklace (medium mass, medium volume)
3. Silver crown (greatest mass, greatest volume)
They are all the same
How do particles in a solid, liquid and gas move?
Solid: Vibrate in place
Liquid: Slide past one another
Gas: rapidly in straight lines
Draw and label the atomic model of Ernest Rutherford
Must have labelled:
1. Electrons
2. Nucleus
3. Empty space
A type mixture where two or more components cannot be seen is called a(n) _______?
A mixture where two or more components are easily seen is called a(n) _______?
A. Homogeneous mixture
B. Heterogeneous
Classify each as a physical or chemical property
1. Gold is shiny
2. lead is highly toxic
3. iron sticks to a magnet
4. ability to react with acids
1. Physical property
2. Chemical property
3. Physical property
4. Chemical property
Aluminum is used to make aeroplanes. Cast iron is used to make weightlifting equipment. What can you infer about the densities of each metal?
Aluminium density is lower than the density of cast iron.
The low density of aluminium helps make planes lighter for flight.
The high density of cast iron packs more mass in small spaces and is good for weightlifting equipment
A box of fresh and hot pizza is brought into the classroom. Who would smell it first? Who would smell it last? What is this process called?
Closest to door smells it first
Furthest corner from the door smells it last
The process is called diffusion
Which element in the periodic table has 28 protons?
Nickel (Ni)
Identify each as an element, compound, heterogenous or homogenous mixture
1. Aluminum foil (Al)
2. Milk
3. Lucky charms cereal
4. Hydrogen gas (H2)
5. Rubbing alcohol (C3H8O)
1. Element
2. Homogenous mixture
3. Heterogenous mixture
4. Element
5. Compound
Classify each as a physical or chemical change
1. Acid combines with zinc to produce H2 gas
2. Aluminum is flattened into thin foil
3. Pizza is cut into slices
4. Raw eggs are cooked into a fluffy omelette
5. A tire is inflated with air
1. Chemical change
2. Physical change
3. Physical change
4. Chemical change
5. Physical change
Determine the density of window washer fluid used in automobiles, given that 50 mL of fluid has a mass of 45 g.
45 g / 50 mL = 0.9 g/mL
What factors cause a bridge to:
a. expand
b. contract
How does affect their construction over time?
a. expand - the hot temperature in summer
b. contract - the cold temperature in winter
Eventually, the bridge will form cracks and break if not reinforced.
Draw a Bohr diagram for Florine (F)
Atomic number: 9
First shell: 2 electrons
Second shell: 7 electrons