Anatomy of the Heart
What are the layers of the heart from innermost to outermost?
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium/Visceral pericardium
Blood flow in oxygen returns to the heart to the right atrium via what two veins?
Venae cavae and coronary sinus
S1 (lub sound) is when _____ valves close and S2 (dup sound) is when ______ valves close.
AV, semilunar
Where is blood produced in the fetus?
Blood island cells
What are the four chambers of the heart in the sequence that blood flows through them?
Right atrium-->Right ventricle-->Left atrium-->Left ventricle.
What is the order of the layers of the heart from thinnest to thickest?
Endocardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
The right atrium contracts forcing blood through what value into RV?
Tricuspid Value
What are the steps in chronological order of the cardiac cycle?
Quiescent, AS, AD, VS, VD
What is the ligament arteriosum called in a fetus?
Ductus arteriosus
Where is the apex of the heart located? (Be specific)
5th intercostal space and L mid-clavicular line
________ junctions are found in the myocardium and _________ junctions are found in the endocardium.
Gap, tight
Name the valves that a drop of blood passes through in the heart.
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Bicuspid/Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Which part of the cardiac cycle represents ventricular depolarization and hides atrial depolarization?
QRS complex
Where does a fetus get its oxygenated blood from before it can make its own?
Umbilical vein from the placenta
What is the flow of electrical impulses in the heart?
SA node (RA)
AV node (RA)
Bundle of His (IV Septum)
Bundle branches (IV Septum)
Purkinje fibers (Ventricles)
Located in the ventricles, what increases surface area and protection and forms papillary muscles?
Trabeculae carneae
What is the order of arterial blood supply to the heart?
R&L coronary arteries -> R&L circumflex arteries -> R&L marginal arteries -> anterior and posterior arteries
Rank the steps of the cardiac cycle from longest to shortest.
VS
VD - isovolumetric relaxation
AS - isovolumetric contraction
AD
Quiescent
In the interatrial septum, there is a dent called "fossa ovalis". What is it called in the fetus?
Foramen ovale
What is the average heart rate of an adult in beats per minute?
60-100 bpm
What tissue type surrounds the pulmonary trunk and aorta to prevent tissue dilation?
Dense connective tissue
The cardiac vein drains blood from the heart muscle and carries it to _____, which empties into right atrium.
Coronary Sinus
What are the average ranges of systolic and diastolic pressures?
S: 100-139 mmHg
D: 60-89mmHg
How does a drop of blood circulate in a fetus' heart?
Placenta -> umbilical vein -> ductus venosus -> IVC -> RV -> pulmonary trunk -> ductus arteriosus -> aorta or foramen ovale -> LA -> LV -> aorta
What heart valve is most commonly found as the cause for a heart murmur?
Bicuspic valve