Brain
What does hypertonic mean?
Hypertonic is when water leaves a cell causing the cell to shrivel up
What happens during G1, S, and G2 stages of the cell cycle?
The cell grows
Organelles and DNA duplicate
What happens during Prophase?
Chromosomes condense
Spindle fibers form
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
What happens during anaphase?
The sister chromatids are separated and start to move to opposite ends of the cell
Requires energy and moves from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration
What happens during telophase?
The nuclear envelope reforms
The cells start to split fully
The chromosomes start to unravel
What is the function of the vacuoles?
Storage for water, wastes, and nutrients
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
The fluid that allows reactions to happen
Holds organelles in place
Describe passive transport.
Passive transport does not require energy and substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Modification, sorting, and packaging
Why is the cell membrane classified as being semi-permeable?
It regulates which substances are allowed into and out of the cell
What is the function of the lysosome?
Digestion and recycling
Phospholipid molecules move laterally within the bilayer, allowing flexibility and self-sealing properties
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the cell
Contains genetic material (DNA)
Who discovered cells using an early microscope studying cork?
Robert Hooke
What is the function of the mitochondria?
To produce ATP energy
What is the function of ribosomes?
They complete protein synthesis
What is the function of the rough ER?
What is the function of the smooth ER?
Lipid metabolism and detoxification
Explain how the cell membranes supports cellular homeostasis.
The cell membrane is in charge of allowing substances to enter and exit the cell. It wants to keep the same concentrations of the substances equal on either side of the membrane
What is the difference between facilitated diffusion, active transport, and osmosis.
Facilitate diffusion uses no energy to allow substances to cross through protein channels and protein carriers.
Active transport uses energy to do endocytosis and exocytosis to transport substances across the cell membrane.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water
What do you think would happen if a cell with damaged DNA continues progressing through the cell cycle instead of being repaired?
Something about mutation, risk of cancer, problems with future cells or organism
What is the difference between an eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic cell is a cell with membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotic cells are without membrane-bound nucleus
What are the three points of cell theory?
1. Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living things
2. All living things are composed of one or more cells
3. All cells arise from preexisting cells and contain hereditary information